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渔业研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 69-84.DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2024.01.008

• 论文与报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

厦门海域游泳动物群落结构与多样性

朱建新()   

  1. 厦门市海洋与渔业研究所,福建 厦门 361008
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-03 出版日期:2024-02-25 发布日期:2024-02-04
  • 作者简介:朱建新(1969—),男,工程师,从事海洋生物及生态学研究。E-mail:952825101@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    福建省省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2018R1003-6);厦门市海洋发展局项目

The community structure and biodiversity of nekton in Xiamen sea area, Fujian Province

ZHU Jianxin()   

  1. Marine and Fisheries Institute of Xiamen,Xiamen 361008, China
  • Received:2023-11-03 Online:2024-02-25 Published:2024-02-04

摘要:

根据2021年4月(春季)和11月(秋季)厦门海域桁杆拖网调查资料,研究分析游泳动物群落结构及其多样性特征。结果表明,调查海域游泳动物种类有176种,隶属于18目、71科、124属,其中鱼类107种、虾类18种、蟹类35种、口足类8种、头足类8种;游泳动物渔获平均重量密度和平均数量密度分别为281.40 kg·km-2、14.49×103 ind·km-2,各调查站位时空分布变化较大,厦门东海域和同安湾海域资源密度较高,秋季资源密度明显大于春季;相对重要性指数(IRI)计算结果显示,春季优势种为哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)、刀额仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis cultrirostris)和条纹斑竹鲨(Chiloscyllium plagiosum)等,秋季优势种为皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)和短吻鲾(Leiognathus brevirostris)等,主要由个体小、生命周期较短、营养层次较低的种类组成;游泳动物丰富度指数变化相对较大,多样性指数和均匀度指数变化不大,春季均明显低于秋季,生物多样性处于中等水平。游泳动物群落结构年代际变化明显。

关键词: 游泳生物, 种类组成, 资源密度, 多样性, 厦门海域

Abstract:

In light of the beam trawl survey conducted in the Xiamen sea area during April (spring) and November (autumn) of 2021,this study delves into an analysis of the community structure and biodiversity of nekton within this marine region.The findings unveiled a diverse array,encompassing 176 nekton species,categorized into 18 orders,71 families,and 124 genera.This encompassed 107 fish species,18 shrimp species,35 crab species,8 Stomatopoda species,and 8 Cephalopoda species.Regarding the quantitative aspects,the recorded biomass and abundance of nekton were determined as 281.40 kg·km-2 and 14.49× 103 ind·km-2,respectively.Notably,marked spatial and temporal variations were observed across the surveyed stations.Specifically,the resource density exhibited notable disparities,with the eastern waters and Tong’an Bay of the Xiamen sea area displaying relatively higher concentrations.Moreover,the resource density in autumn significantly surpassed that in spring.The relative importance index (IRI) highlighted distinct dominant species across the seasons.Parapenaeopsis hardwickii,Parapenaeopsis cultrirostris,and Chiloscyllium plagiosum were dominant during spring,whereas Johnius belengerii and Leiognathus brevirostris took precedence in autumn.These dominant species primarily comprised groups characterized by small individuals,abbreviated life cycles,and comparatively lower nutritional levels.Analysis of nekton indices revealed substantial variability in richness,with relatively significant fluctuations.Conversely,diversity and evenness indices displayed minor alterations.Notably,spring exhibited significantly lower values than autumn,positioning the biodiversity at a moderate level.Furthermore,noteworthy interdecadal alterations in the nekton community structure were evident.Through these observations,this study contributes valuable insights into the dynamic composition,seasonal variations,and structural changes within the nekton community in the Xiamen sea area,offering a comprehensive understanding of its biodiversity and ecological dynamics.

Key words: nekton, species composition, resource density, biodiversity, Xiamen sea area

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