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渔业研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 233-245.DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2023.03.003

• 论文与报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

闽江不同河段河蚬的形态学及遗传多样性比较分析

廖梦香()   

  1. 福建省淡水水产研究所,福建 福州 350002
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-27 出版日期:2023-06-25 发布日期:2023-06-16
  • 作者简介:廖梦香(1990—)女,助理农艺师,硕士,研究方向为水产养殖与遗传育种研究。E-mail:360878796@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    福建省海洋服务与渔业高质量发展专项(HJHY-YYZY-2022-2-1)

Comparative analysis of morphological and genetic diversity of Corbicula fluminea in different reaches of Minjiang River

LIAO Mengxiang()   

  1. Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian Province,Fuzhou 350002,China
  • Received:2023-03-27 Online:2023-06-25 Published:2023-06-16

摘要:

为探究闽江不同河段河蚬的形态学和线粒体基因遗传多样性,本研究在闽江的6个不同河段[延平(YP)、闽侯(MH)、龙祥岛(LXD)、马尾(MW)、长乐(CL)和连江(LJ)]共随机采集180个河蚬样品,测量和分析其形态学数据,并以线粒体COⅠ、Cyt b和16S rRNA基因部分序列作为分子标记,进行PCR扩增与测序分析。结果显示:闽江6个不同河段河蚬壳长、壳高和壳宽的变异系数较小,而软体重、壳重和总重的变异系数较大,其中软体重的变异系数最大的群体为LJ(53.30%)。获得线粒体COⅠ、Cyt b和16S rRNA基因序列片段长度分别为444、466、364 bp,3个基因中A+T含量相近且明显高于C+G的含量;COⅠ和Cyt b基因的单倍型数量明显多于16S rRNA基因;COⅠ和Cyt b基因的遗传多样性比16S rRNA基因高;系统进化树显示,3个基因片段的进化速度:COⅠ>Cyt b>16S rRNA;中性检验和岐点分布图结果表明,闽江河蚬群体很稳定,均未发生过大规模的种群扩张等历史事件。综上所述,闽江6个河段河蚬在形态上没有存在显著的差异,河蚬的COⅠ、Cyt b比16S rRNA基因遗传多样性更高、进化速度更快,即使分化出独立的遗传群体,也未发生过大规模的种群扩张等历史事件,可作为一个整体进行保护和开发应用。

关键词: 闽江, 河蚬, COⅠ, Cyt b, 16S rRNA, 遗传多样性

Abstract:

In order to investigate the morphological and mitochondrial gene genetic diversity of Corbicula fluminea in different reaches of Minjiang River.A total of 180 C.fluminea samples randomly collected from 6 geographical locations in Minjiang River [(Yanping,YP),(Minhou,MH),(Longxiangdao,LXD),(Mawei,MW),(Changle,CL) and (Lianjiang,LJ)].Morphological data were measured and partial sequences of mitochondrial COⅠ,Cyt b and 16S rRNA genes were used as molecular markers for PCR amplification and sequencing analysis.The results showed that the coefficient of variation of shell length,shell height and shell width was small,while the coefficient of variation of soft body weight,shell weight and total weight was large of C.fluminea in six reaches of Minjiang River.The population with the largest coefficient of variation of soft body weight was LJ (53.30%).The sequences of mitochondrial COⅠ,Cyt b and 16S rRNA genes were 444,466 and 364 bp,respectively.The content of A+T in the three genes was similar and significantly higher than that of C+G.The number of haplotypes of COⅠand Cyt b genes were significantly more than that of 16S rRNA gene.The genetic diversity of COⅠ and Cyt b genes were higher than that of 16S rRNA gene.Phylogenetic tree showed that the evolution rate of the three gene fragments were COⅠ> Cyt b >16S rRNA gene.The neutral test and mismatch distribution analysis showed that the C.fluminea populations in Minjiang River were stable and there were no history of large-scale population expansion.In conclusion,there was no significant difference in the morphology of C.fluminea in the six reaches of Minjiang River.COⅠand Cyt b genes of C.fluminea have higher genetic diversity and faster evolutionary speed than 16S rRNA genes.Even though independent genetic populations have been differentiated,there has no historical event such as large-scale population expansion.Therefore,C.fluminea could be protected and developed as a whole in Minjiang River.

Key words: Minjiang River, Corbicula fluminea, COⅠ, Cyt b, 16S rRNA, genetic diversity

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