基于Cyt b序列的太湖和洪泽湖翘嘴鲌遗传多样性和遗传结构分析

doi:10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2023.01.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

翘嘴鲌具有很高的营养价值、经济价值和生态价值,近年来其野生资源趋于枯竭,因而掌握翘嘴鲌遗传多样性对于科学保护其种质资源具有重要意义。为了解太湖和洪泽湖翘嘴鲌种质资源遗传状况,通过线粒体Cyt b基因序列测定,分析了其群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果显示,翘嘴鲌Cyt b基因全序列长度为1 141 bp,碱基A+T含量明显高于G+C含量。98条Cyt b序列共检测出29个变异位点,共定义29种单倍型,平均单倍型多样性指数(Hd)和核苷酸多样性指数(Pi)分别为0.923和0.002 74,平均核苷酸差异数(K)为3.127。太湖和洪泽湖群体的Hd分别为0.927和0.816,Pi分别为0.002 85和0.002 20,遗传多样性表现出高Hd、低Pi的特点。分子方差分析结果显示,群体内分子变异占比为15.01%,群体间分子变异占比为84.99%,两群体间遗传分化系数(Fst)为0.150 15(P<0.01),表明两群体间有显著性遗传分化。Tajima's D中性检验结果为不显著性负值,Fu's Fs中性检验结果为显著性负值,且歧点分布曲线为单峰型,表明翘嘴鲌在进化过程中经历过群体扩张事件。本研究结果为太湖和洪泽湖翘嘴鲌种质资源管理保护提供了数据资料。

关键词: 翘嘴鲌, Cyt b基因, 遗传多样性, 遗传结构

Abstract:

Culter alburnus has high nutritional, economic and ecological values, but its wild resources tend to be exhausted in recent years. So, it is urgent to protect germplasm resources of C.alburnus. In this study, the molecular marker of mtDNA Cyt b gene was used to investigate the genetic diversity and genetic structure of C.alburnus populations in Tai Lake and Hongze Lake, and the Cyt b gene sequences were amplified and sequenced. The research results showed that the full length of Cyt b gene was 1 141 bp, and the base content of A+T was higher than that of G+C.29 variable sites were detected and 29 haplotypes were defined in 98 Cyt b sequences. The average haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (Pi) of C.alburnus were 0.923 and 0.002 74, respectively, and the average number of nucleotide differences was 3.127. The Hd values of Tai Lake and Hongze Lake populations were 0.927 and 0.816, respectively, and the Pi values of two lake populations were 0.002 85 and 0.002 20, respectively. The genetic diversity of C.alburnus showed high Hd and low Pi. The results of molecular variance analysis showed that the proportion of molecular variation within populations was 15.01%, and the proportion of molecular variation between populations was 84.99%. The coefficient of genetic differentiation (Fst) was 0.150 15 (P<0.01), indicating that there was significant genetic differentiation between the two populations. The values of Tajima's D and Fu's Fs neutral tests were both negative, but significant difference was only found for Fu's Fs neutral test. Furthermore, the mismatch distribution curve was obvious unimodal. Both neutral test and mismatch distribution suggested C.alburnus had experienced population expansion in evolutionary history. In a word, the present results could provide scientific data for the management and protection of C.alburnus germplasm resources in Tai Lake and Hongze Lake.

Key words: Culter alburnus, Cyt b gene, genetic diversity, genetic structure

中图分类号:

S917.4

杨子萍, 李大命, 刘燕山, 杨家新. 基于Cyt b序列的太湖和洪泽湖翘嘴鲌遗传多样性和遗传结构分析[J]. 渔业研究, 2023, 45(1): 1-7.

YANG Ziping, LI Daming, LIU Yanshan, YANG Jiaxin. Genetic diversity and genetic structure of Culter alburnus in Tai Lake and Hongze Lake based on mitochondrial DNA Cyt b gene sequences[J]. Journal of Fisheries Research, 2023, 45(1): 1-7.

图/表 6

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密码子位点 Condon site	碱基含量百分比/% The percentage of base content
密码子位点 Condon site	A	T	C	G
第一位点 First site	24.7	24.2	25.1	26.0
第二位点 Second site	20.3	41.1	25.5	13.2
第三位点Third site	43.1	14.6	37.5	4.8
平均值 Average value	29.3	26.6	29.4	14.7

密码子位点 Condon site	碱基含量百分比/% The percentage of base content
密码子位点 Condon site	A	T	C	G
第一位点 First site	24.7	24.2	25.1	26.0
第二位点 Second site	20.3	41.1	25.5	13.2
第三位点Third site	43.1	14.6	37.5	4.8
平均值 Average value	29.3	26.6	29.4	14.7

群体 Population	样本量 N	变异位点 S	单倍型(数量) Haplotypes(number)	单倍型多样性指数 Hd	核苷酸多样性指数 Pi	平均核苷酸差异数 K
太湖 TL	48	22	H1(1)、H2(9)、H3(1)、H4(3)、H5(1)、H6(4)、H7(2)、H8(1)、H9(3)、H10(1)、H11(1)、H14(1)、H16(1)、H17(1)、H23(4)、H24(4)、H25(1)、 H27(1)、H28(1)、H29(7)	0.927	0.002 85	3.250
洪泽湖 HZL	50	18	H1(2)、H2(1)、H4(5)、H6(2)、H12(1)、H13(3)、 H15(2)、H18(2)、H19(20)、H20(1)、H21(1)、H22(3)、H24(6)、H26(1)	0.816	0.002 20	2.508
总体Total	98	29	-	0.923	0.002 74	3.127

群体 Population	样本量 N	变异位点 S	单倍型(数量) Haplotypes(number)	单倍型多样性指数 Hd	核苷酸多样性指数 Pi	平均核苷酸差异数 K
太湖 TL	48	22	H1(1)、H2(9)、H3(1)、H4(3)、H5(1)、H6(4)、H7(2)、H8(1)、H9(3)、H10(1)、H11(1)、H14(1)、H16(1)、H17(1)、H23(4)、H24(4)、H25(1)、 H27(1)、H28(1)、H29(7)	0.927	0.002 85	3.250
洪泽湖 HZL	50	18	H1(2)、H2(1)、H4(5)、H6(2)、H12(1)、H13(3)、 H15(2)、H18(2)、H19(20)、H20(1)、H21(1)、H22(3)、H24(6)、H26(1)	0.816	0.002 20	2.508
总体Total	98	29	-	0.923	0.002 74	3.127

差异来源 Source of variation	自由度 df	变异组分 Variance components	变异百分比 Percentage of variation	遗传分化系数 Fst
群体间 Among populations	1	0.253 63 Va	15.01	0.150 15^**
群体内Within populations	96	1.435 57 Vb	84.99
总计Total	97	1.689 21	100