平潭海域海参资源分布与资源密度估算初探

doi:10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2023.06.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究福建平潭近岸海域海参资源的分布状况,2023年4月、5月、6月在平潭近岸海域开展海参资源现场调查和社会调查,鉴定海参种类,分析生物学特征,评估海参资源密度、捕捞量和捕捞产值等。结果表明:水下现场调查共采集到活体海参242头,经鉴定均为仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus);4月、5月和6月采集到的海参平均体长分别为(131.7±44.3)、(150.1±40.6)和(114.9±28.3) mm,平均体质量分别为(52.2±41.6)、(108.3±55.9)和(56.1±32.2)g,摄食等级分别为3~4、1~4和0~3级。4月、5月和6月6艘捕捞船的平均每艘船的海参捕获量分别为1 050.0、683.3和233.3 kg。本文首次报道了福建平潭海城可能存在仿刺身自繁群体,研究结果可为福建省海参资源的开发利用奠定基础。

关键词: 海参, 仿刺参, 资源分布, 资源密度, 平潭海域

Abstract:

This study was performed to explore the distribution and resources of natural sea cucumbers in the inshore aquaculture area in Pingtan District (Fujian Province, China). The study conducted surveys to collect information on species, biology, resource amount, fishing amount, and fishing output value of sea cucumbers in the coastal aquaculture area of Pingtan in April, May, and June 2023. Moreover, the samples of sea cucumbers (n=242) were sampled and used for classification. The results showed that all samples were identified as Apostichopus japonicus. Biological measurement results showed that sea cucumbers collected in April, May, and June reveal average body lengths of (131.7±44.3), (150.1±40.6) and (114.9±28.3) mm, average body weights of (52.2±41.6), (108.3±55.9), (56.1±32.2) g, feeding levels of 3~4, 1~4, and 0~3, respectively. Furthermore, the questionnaire survey results of six fishing boats showed that the average sea cucumber catch per boat in April, May, and June was 1 050.0, 683.3, and 233.3 kg, respectively.This is the first report on the possible existence of a self-propagating population of sea cucumber in Pingtan sea area,which provides information on the resources of sea cucumber in Fujian Province.

Key words: sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, resource distribution, resource density, Pingtan sea area

中图分类号:

蔡建堤, 吴建绍, 马超, 范逸龙, 刘勇, 徐春燕, 林琪, 杨求华. 平潭海域海参资源分布与资源密度估算初探[J]. 渔业研究, 2023, 45(6): 544-550.

CAI Jiandi, WU Jianshao, MA Chao, FAN Yilong, LIU Yong, XU Chunyan, LIN Qi, YANG Qiuhua. Preliminary study on resource distribution and resource density of sea cucumbers in Pingtan sea area of Fujian Province[J]. Journal of Fisheries Research, 2023, 45(6): 544-550.

图/表 14

图1 福建平潭海区海参资源调查站位图注:★表示调查站位。

Fig. 1 Map of the survey station of sea cucumberresources in Pingtan sea area of Fujian Province Note:★ indicated survey stations.

图2 福建平潭自然海区采捕海参个体

Fig.2 Sea cucumber collected from the natural sea area of Pingtan sea area in Fujian Province

图3 福建平潭自然海区采集海参骨片显微拍照图注:A. 触手;B. 管足;C. 呼吸树;D. 体壁。Ⅰ. 扣形体;Ⅱ. 长孔状体;Ⅲ. 桌形体;Ⅳ. 花纹状体;Ⅴ. 杆状体。

Fig.3 Micrograph of sea cucumber bone slice collected from the natural sea area of Pingtan sea area in Fujian Province Notes: A. Tentacles; B. Tube feet; C. Breathing tree; D. Body wall. Ⅰ. Buckle body; Ⅱ. Long pores body; Ⅲ. Table shape body;Ⅳ. Patterned body; Ⅴ. Rod-shaped body.

图4 2023年4月平潭东澳海区采集的仿刺参体长组成

Fig.4 Composition of body length of A. japonicas captured in Dong'ao,Pingtan sea area in April 2023

图5 2023年4月平潭东澳海区采集的仿刺参体质量组成

Fig.5 Composition of body mass of A. japonicas captured in Dong'ao, Pingtan sea area in April 2023

图6 2023年5月平潭岱峰海区采集的仿刺参体长组成

Fig.6 Composition of body length of A. japonicas captured in Daifeng,Pingtan sea area in May 2023

图7 2023年5月平潭岱峰海区采集的仿刺参体质量组成

Fig.7 Composition of body weight of A. japonicus captured in Daifeng, Pingtan sea area in May 2023

图8 2023年5月平潭岱峰海区采集的仿刺参雌雄占比

Fig.8 Percentage of male and female of A.japonicus captured in Daifeng, Pingtan sea area in May 2023

图9 2023年5月平潭岱峰海区采集的仿刺参摄食等级占比

Fig.9 The proportion of eating grade of A. japonicas captured in Daifeng, Pingtan sea area in May 2023

图10 2023年6月平潭流水海区采集的仿刺参体长组成

Fig.10 Composition of body length of A. japonicas captured in Liushui, Pingtan sea area in June 2023

图11 2023年6月平潭流水海区采集的仿刺参体质量组成

Fig.11 Composition of body mass of A. japonicas captured in Liushui, Pingtan sea area in June 2023

图12 2023年6月平潭自然海区采集的仿刺参摄食等级占比

Fig.12 The proportion of eating grade of A. japonicas captured in Pingtan sea area in June 2023

表1 2023年4—6月平潭海域社会调查仿刺参的资源密度变化

Tab.1 Biomass and catch of A.japonicus captured in Pingtan sea area from April to June in 2023

捕捞船编号 No. of the fishing vessel	作业时长/h Operating hours			捕捞量/kg Fish catches			生物量/(g/h) Biomass
捕捞船编号 No. of the fishing vessel	4月 April	5月 May	6月 June	4月 April	5月 May	6月 June	4月 April	5月 May	6月 June
1	110	90	70	1 000	700	200	9 090.9	7 777.8	2 857.1
2	100	90	80	1 000	700	250	10 000.0	7 777.8	3 125.0
3	110	95	80	1 100	600	300	10 000.0	6 315.8	3 750.0
4	100	90	70	1 000	650	200	10 000.0	7 222.2	2 857.1
5	100	85	75	1 050	700	250	10 500.0	8 235.3	3 333.3
6	110	105	70	1 150	750	200	10 454.5	7 142.8	2 857.1
平均Average	105.0	92.5	74.2	1 050.0	683.3	233.3	10 007.6	7 411.9	3 129.9

表2 2023年4—6月平潭海域现场调查仿刺参的资源密度变化

Tab.2 Resource density and biomass of A.japonicus captured in Pingtan sea area from April to June in 2023

月份 Month	采捕时间/h Harvesting time	数量/ind Quantity	密度/(ind/h) Density	重量/g Weight	纯重/g Net weight	生物量/(g/h) Biomass	纯重生物量/(g/h) Net weight biomass
4月April	0.2	26	130.0	1 357.2	1 201.2	6 786.0	6 006.0
5月May	1.6	141	94.0	14 424.3	7 346.1	9 015.2	4 591.3
6月June	0.7	37	52.8	2 075.7	1 281.9	2 965.2	1 831.3

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