环境因子对“东方7号”海带配子体发育的影响

doi:10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2024.02.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以“东方7号”海带(Saccharina japonica)雌、雄配子体为材料,分别在不同温度、光照周期和营养盐(氮)浓度条件下培养,观察配子体发育过程,探究配子体卵囊形成、排卵及幼孢子体形成的最适环境条件。结果显示:不同温度、光照周期及氮(N)浓度对配子体发育进程及发育率有显著的影响。在其他培养条件相同的情况下,12 ℃和15 ℃下配子体的发育率(60%~70%)显著高于其他温度组;在20 ℃条件下,配子体均处于营养生长阶段,未见发育。10L∶14D下配子体的发育率(80%)显著高于其他光照周期组,其次为6L∶18D组,但该条件下的幼孢子体长度显著低于其他光照周期组。当N浓度为2.0 mg/L和4.0 mg/L时,配子体最终发育率均达75%以上,其中孢子体约占70%,显著高于其他组。本研究为“东方7号”海带配子体人工育苗提供理论依据和数据支持。

关键词: 海带, 配子体, 发育, 温度, 光照周期, 氮浓度

Abstract:

The male and female gametophytes of Saccharina japonica ‘Dongfang No.7’ were cultured at different temperatures, photoperiods and nitrogen concentrations to observe the development of gametophytes and explore the optimum environmental conditions for the formation of gametophyte oogonium, ovulation and young sporophyte. The results showed that temperature, photoperiod and nitrogen concentration had significant effects on the development of gametophyte. The rate of gametophyte development at 12 ℃ and 15 ℃ (60%-70%) was significantly higher than that at other temperature groups. At 20 ℃, the gametophyte was in the vegetative growth stage without development. The rate of gametophyte development (80%) in 10L∶14D group was significantly higher than that in other photoperiod groups, followed by that in 6L∶18D group, but the length of young sporophyte in this condition was significantly lower than that in other photoperiod groups. When the concentration of N was 2 mg/L and 4 mg/L, the final development rate was more than 75%, and the sporophyte accounted for about 70%, which was significantly higher than other groups. This study provides theoretical basis and data support for artificial breeding of gametophyte of S.japonica ‘Dongfang No.7’.

Key words: Saccharina japonica, gametophyte, development, temperature, photoperiod, nitrogen concentration

中图分类号:

S968.42

李霞, 陈书秀, 王伟伟, 孙娟, 李晓捷. 环境因子对“东方7号”海带配子体发育的影响[J]. 渔业研究, 2024, 46(2): 147-155.

LI Xia, CHEN Shuxiu, WANG Weiwei, SUN Juan, LI Xiaojie. Effects of environmental factors on the development of Saccharina japonica ‘Dongfang No.7’ gametophyte[J]. Journal of Fisheries Research, 2024, 46(2): 147-155.

图/表 9

图1 不同温度对海带“东方7 号”配子体发育的影响

Fig.1 Effect of different temperature on gametophyte development of S. japonica ‘Dongfang No.7’

图2 不同温度下培养25 d 后，海带“东方7 号”配子体发育显微图片注:a.5 ℃;b.8 ℃;c.12 ℃;d.15 ℃;e.20 ℃。

Fig.2 Micrograph of gametophyte development of S. japonica ‘Dongfang No.7’ at different temperature after 25 days of culture Notes:a.5 ℃;b.8 ℃;c.12 ℃;d.15 ℃;e.20 ℃.

表1 不同温度对海带“东方7号”配子体发育率的影响

Tab.1 Effect of different temperature on gametophyte development rate of S.japonica ‘Dongfang No.7’

温度/℃ Temperature	发育率/% Development rate
温度/℃ Temperature	第12天Day 12	第15天Day 15	第19天Day 19	第22天Day 22	第25天Day 25
5	0.00±0.00^aA	0.00±0.00^aA	1.08±0.62^aAB	6.11±1.14^aC	5.17±1.14^aBC
8	0.78±0.23^aA	7.52±0.78^abA	7.08±0.74^aA	24.91±1.39^bB	41.50±4.40^bC
12	8.25±1.17^bA	20.98±5.35^bA	20.85±1.39^bA	55.11±5.36^cB	64.85±6.46^cB
15	12.31±0.32^cA	19.81±0.80^bAB	29.48±3.20^bB	64.68±1.94^cC	70.81±5.18^cC
20	0.00±0.00^aA	0.00±0.00^aA	0.00±0.00^aA	0.00±0.00^aA	0.00±0.00^aA

图3 不同光照周期对海带“东方7 号”配子体发育的影响

Fig.3 Effect of different photoperiod on gametophyte development of S. japonica ‘Dongfang No.7’

表2 不同光照周期对海带“东方7号”配子体发育率的影响

Tab.2 Effect of different photoperiod on gametophyte development rate of S.japonica ‘Dongfang No.7’

光照周期 Photoperiod	发育率/% Development rate
光照周期 Photoperiod	第12天Day 12	第15天Day 15	第19天Day 19	第22天Day 22	第25天Day 25
6L∶18D	0.38±0.22^aA	17.33±2.17^bB	29.69±1.26^cB	71.89±4.86^cC	68.36±3.11^dC
10L∶14D	0.78±0.23^aA	25.03±2.15^bB	31.88±0.45^cB	56.82±7.09^cC	80.64±0.99^eD
12L∶12D	1.16±0.02^aA	21.30±0.94^bBC	14.33±1.51^bB	15.47±1.54^abB	22.97±1.45^cC
16L∶8D	21.64±2.19^bA	24.90±2.04^bAB	17.11±0.90^bAB	32.53±3.11^bB	27.75±1.46^cAB
20L∶4D	4.24±0.43^aA	24.77±2.07^bC	18.67±1.28^bBC	11.82±0.47^abB	12.54±1.27^bB
24L∶0D	0.00±0.00^aA	0.00±0.00^aA	0.00±0.00^aA	0.00±0.00^aA	0.00±0.00^aA

图4 不同光照周期培养25 d 后的海带“东方7 号”配子体发育显微图片注:a.6L∶8D;b.10L∶14D;c.12L∶12D;d.16L∶8D;e.20L∶4D;f.24L∶0D。

Fig.4 Micrograph of gametophyte development of S. japonica ‘Dongfang No.7’ under different photoperiod after 25 days of culture Notes:a.6L∶8D;b.10L∶14D;c.12L∶12D;d.16L∶8D;e.20L∶4D;f.24L∶0D.

图5 不同氮、磷浓度条件下培养25 d 后，配子体发育情况显微照片注:A.0 mg/L N+0.4 mg/L P;B.0.2 mg/L N +0.4 mg/L P;C.0.4 mg/L N+0.4 mg/L P;D.1.0 mg/L N+0.4 mg/L P;E.2.0 mg/L N+0.4 mg/L P;F.4.0 mg/L N+0.4 mg/L P。图6同此。

Fig.5 Micrographs of gametophyte development after 25 days of incubation under different concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus Notes:A.0 mg/L N+0.4 mg/L P;B.0.2 mg/L N +0.4 mg/L P;C.0.4 mg/L N+0.4 mg/L P;D.1.0 mg/L N+0.4 mg/L P;E.2.0 mg/L N+0.4 mg/L P;F.4.0 mg/L N+0.4 mg/L P.It’s the same as in figure 6.

图6 不同氮浓度对海带配子体发育的影响

Fig.6 Effect of different nitrogen concentration on gametophyte development of S. japonica ‘Dongfang No.7’

表3 不同氮浓度对海带“东方7号”配子体发育率的影响

Tab.3 Effect of different nitrogen on gametophyte development rate of S.japonica ‘Dongfang No.7’

$NO 3 -$ -N /(mg/L)	$PO 4 3 -$ -P /(mg/L)	发育率/%Development rate
$NO 3 -$ -N /(mg/L)	$PO 4 3 -$ -P /(mg/L)	第12天Day 12	第15天Day 15	第19天Day 19	第22天Day 22	第25天Day 25
0	0.4	0.00±0.00^aA	0.00±0.00^aA	0.00±0.00^aA	0.00±0.00^aA	0.00±0.00^aA
0.2	0.4	6.36±0.26^aA	15.57±1.25^bAB	14.76±2.32^abAB	17.91±2.48^bBC	26.24±1.82^bC
0.4	0.4	9.59±0.80^aA	19.32±3.28^bcA	22.24±1.32^bA	19.49±0.79^bA	43.07±6.09^bcB
1.0	0.4	42.19±2.60^cA	64.24±4.07^dB	65.59±2.97^cB	48.57±2.43^cAB	47.87±4.81^cAB
2.0	0.4	36.70±2.81^cA	55.98±4.30^dAB	68.88±3.71^cC	68.39±3.84^dC	75.64±2.83^dC
4.0	0.4	25.03±2.15^bA	31.88±0.45^cA	56.82±7.09^cB	80.64±0.99^eC	78.02±1.96^dC

表3 不同氮浓度对海带“东方7号”配子体发育率的影响

Tab.3 Effect of different nitrogen on gametophyte development rate of S.japonica ‘Dongfang No.7’

$NO 3 -$ -N /(mg/L)	$PO 4 3 -$ -P /(mg/L)	发育率/%Development rate
$NO 3 -$ -N /(mg/L)	$PO 4 3 -$ -P /(mg/L)	第12天Day 12	第15天Day 15	第19天Day 19	第22天Day 22	第25天Day 25
0	0.4	0.00±0.00^aA	0.00±0.00^aA	0.00±0.00^aA	0.00±0.00^aA	0.00±0.00^aA
0.2	0.4	6.36±0.26^aA	15.57±1.25^bAB	14.76±2.32^abAB	17.91±2.48^bBC	26.24±1.82^bC
0.4	0.4	9.59±0.80^aA	19.32±3.28^bcA	22.24±1.32^bA	19.49±0.79^bA	43.07±6.09^bcB
1.0	0.4	42.19±2.60^cA	64.24±4.07^dB	65.59±2.97^cB	48.57±2.43^cAB	47.87±4.81^cAB
2.0	0.4	36.70±2.81^cA	55.98±4.30^dAB	68.88±3.71^cC	68.39±3.84^dC	75.64±2.83^dC
4.0	0.4	25.03±2.15^bA	31.88±0.45^cA	56.82±7.09^cB	80.64±0.99^eC	78.02±1.96^dC

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