影响剑鱼分布和延绳钓CPUE的主要因素研究进展

doi:10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2023.05.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

掌握剑鱼(Xiphias gladius)的分布特征,可为剑鱼的栖息生态、资源养护以及延绳钓渔具改进等研究提供科学依据。本文重点介绍了国内外关于影响剑鱼分布和延绳钓单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)因素等的研究成果,同时指出存在的问题,并提出今后进一步研究应采取的对策。结果表明:1)剑鱼进行昼夜垂直移动,根据水层含氧量变化呈“U”形移动模式,白天一般分布在8.5~13.3 °C相对应的水层,夜间分布在23.6~26.2 °C相对应的水层;2)剑鱼洄游到热带水域产卵和越冬,洄游到温带水域索饵;3)剑鱼聚集在锋面区和涡流场;4)月光照度影响剑鱼的垂直运动,月相也可能与剑鱼产卵行为有关;5)单丝延绳钓的剑鱼捕获率比复丝延绳钓高,浸泡时间与剑鱼CPUE呈正相关;6)使用荧光棒可提高剑鱼CPUE,荧光棒的浸泡时间与剑鱼CPUE也呈正相关。研究中存在的主要不足有:1)气侯变化与剑鱼栖息环境的关系研究不足;2)月光照度对剑鱼活动影响的定量研究较少,结论不充分;3)不同钩型、钓钩偏角与饵料对剑鱼CPUE的影响研究不足。建议今后对下列几个方面进行研究:1)增加TDR、CTD的测试实验,研究不同水层的温度、盐度、叶绿素a、溶解氧浓度等因素对剑鱼分布的影响;2)利用历史渔获统计数据、卫星遥感数据,结合海洋季风、信风的变化研究剑鱼分布与海洋环境之间的关系,找出气候变化对剑鱼分布的具体影响;3)运用照度计,定量研究月光照度对剑鱼及其饵料生物垂直运动和剑鱼产卵行为的影响;4)进一步研究不同钩型、钓钩偏角和不同饵料对剑鱼CPUE的影响。

关键词: 海表温度(SST), 海流, 盐度, 叶绿素a(CHL), 溶解氧, 月光照度, CPUE, 剑鱼

Abstract:

Understanding the distribution characteristics of X.gladius can provide scientific basis for studying the habitat ecology of X.gladius,resource conservation and improving longline fishing gear.This paper highlights the results of domestic and international research on factors influencing the distribution and longline catch per unit effort (CPUE) of X.gladius,as well as the problems and proposes countermeasures to be taken for further research in the future.The results show that:1) X.gladius perform diurnal vertical movements,with a U-shaped movement pattern according to the changes of dissolved oxygen content in water layer,and generally distribute in the corresponding depth of 8.5-13.3 °C during the day and 23.6-26.2 °C during the night;2) X.gladius migrate to tropical waters for spawning and overwintering,and migrate to temperate waters for feeding; 3) X.gladius congregate in frontal areas and eddy fields;4) moonlight illumination affects the vertical movements of X.gladius,and moon phase may also be related to X.gladius spawning behavior;5) the catch rate of X.gladius in monofilament longline fishing is higher than that in polyfilament longline fishing,and the soaking time is positively correlated with the CPUE of X.gladius; 6) fluorescent rods in fishing gear can improve X.gladius CPUE,and the soaking time of fluorescent rods is positively correlated with X.gladius CPUE.The main shortcomings of the previous studies include:1) insufficient research on the relationship between climatic changes and the habitat change of X.gladius;2) less quantitative research on the effect of lunar illumination on X.gladius activity and the results are not robust;3) insufficient research on the effects of different hook types,hook offset and baits on X.gladius CPUE.The following issues are suggested for future research:1) increasing the testing experiments of TDR and CTD to study the effects of temperature,salinity,chlorophyll a and dissolved oxygen concentrations in different water layers on X.gladius distribution;2) using historical catch statistics and satellite remote sensing data to study the relationship between X.gladius distribution and marine environment in combination with changes in ocean monsoon and trade winds to find out the specific effects of climate change on X.gladius distribution;3) using illuminance meters to measure the illuminance of moonlight and quantitatively study the effects of monthly illuminance of moonlight on the vertical movements of X.gladius and their bait organisms and the spawning behavior of X.gladius; 4) further studying the effects of different hook types,hook offset and different baits on X.gladius CPUE.

Key words: sea surface temperature(SST), ocean current, salinity, chlorophyll a(CHL), dissolved oxygen, moonlight illuminance, CPUE, Xiphias gladius

中图分类号:

S977

宋利明, 张凌溪, 包敏华, 隋恒寿, 李彬, 张敏. 影响剑鱼分布和延绳钓CPUE的主要因素研究进展[J]. 渔业研究, 2023, 45(5): 513-522.

SONG Liming, ZHANG Lingxi, BAO Minhua, SUI Hengshou, LI Bin, ZHANG Min. A review on factors influencing the distribution and longline CPUE of Xiphias gladius[J]. Journal of Fisheries Research, 2023, 45(5): 513-522.

图/表 4

参考文献 60

[1]	Zhao R X, Miu S C. Basic survey of swordfish in the world[J]. Modern Fisheries Information, 2006, 21(11):13-16.
[2]	Song L M, Xu L X. Preliminary analysis of the biological characteristics of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) sampled from the Chinese tuna long-lining fleet in the central Atlantic Ocean[C]//ICCAT.Collective Volume of Scientific Papers. Madrid:ICCAT, 2004, 56(3):940-946.
[3]	ICCAT. Report of the 2009 Atlantic swordfish stock assessment session[R]. Madrid:ICCAT, 2009:1-78.
[4]	Ducharme-Barth N, Castillo-Jordán C, Hampton J, et al. Stock assessment of Southwest Pacific swordfish[C]// WCPFC.17th Regular Session of the Scientific Committee.Pohnpei:WCPFC, 2021:1-7.
[5]	Ortiz M, Justel-Rubio A, Parrilla A. Preliminary analyses of the ICCAT VMS data 2010-2011 to identify fishing trip behavior and estimate fishing effort[C]// ICCAT.Collective Volume of Scientific Papers. Madrid:ICCAT, 2013, 69(1):462-481.
[6]	Ehrhardt N M. Age validation and growth of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean[J]. Bulletin of Marine Science, 1992, 50(2):292-301.
[7]	García-Cortés B, Mejuto J. Size-weight relationships of the swordfish (Xiphias gladius) and several pelagic shark species caught in the Spanish surface longline fishery in the Atlantic,Indian and Pacific Oceans[C]// ICCAT.Collective Volume of Scientific Papers. Spain:ICCAT, 2002, 54(4):1132-1149.
[8]	Mejuto J, García-Cortés B. Size segregation,sex ratios patterns of the swordfish (Xiphias gladius) caught by the Spanish surface longline fleet in areas out of the Atlantic ocean and methodological discussion on gonadal indices[C]// ICCAT.Collective Volume of Scientific Papers. Spain:ICCAT, 2003, 55(4):1459-1475.
[9]	Mejuto J, García-Cortés B. A description of a possible spawning area of the swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the tropical northwest Atlantic[C]// ICCAT.Collective Volume of Scientific Papers. Spain:ICCAT, 2003, 55(4):1449-1458.
[10]	Hazin F H V, Hazin H G, Boeckmann C E. Preliminary study on the reproductive biology of swordfish(Xiphias gladius) in the southwest equatorial Atlantic Ocean[C]//ICCAT.Collective Volume of Scientific Papers. Spain:ICCAT, 2002, 54(5):1560-1569.
[11]	Carey F G, Robison B H. Daily patterns in the activities of swordfish Xiphias gladius observed by acoustic telemetry (Altantic,Pacific)[J]. Fishery Bulletin, 1981, 79(2):277-292.
[12]	Gilman E, Kobayashi D, Swenarton T, et al. Reducing sea turtle interactions in the Hawaii-based longline swordfish fishery[J]. Biological Conservation, 2007, 139(1-2):19-28. DOI URL
[13]	Chancollon O, Pusineri C, Ridoux V. Food and feeding ecology of Northeast Atlantic swordfish (Xiphias gladius) off the Bay of Biscay[J]. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2006, 63(6):1075-1085. DOI URL
[14]	Behrenfeld M J, O’Malley R T, Siegel D A, et al. Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity[J]. Nature, 2006, 444(7120):752-755. DOI
[15]	Neilson J D, Paul S D, Smith S C. Stock structure of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the Atlantic:a review of the non-genetic evidence[C]// ICCAT.Collective Volume of Scientific Papers. Canada:ICCAT, 2007, 61:25-60.
[16]	Neilson J D, Smith S, Royer F, et al. Investigations of horizontal movements of Atlantic swordfish using pop-up satellite archival tags[M]. Springer,Dordrecht: Tagging and tracking of marine-animals with electronic devices, 2009:145-159.
[17]	Poisson F, Fauvel C. Reproductive dynamics of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the southwestern Indian Ocean (Reunion Island).Part 2:fecundity and spawning pattern[J]. Aquatic Living Resources, 2009, 22(1):59-68. DOI URL
[18]	Dewar H, Prince E D, Musyl M K, et al. Movements and behaviors of swordfish in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans examined using pop-up satellite archival tags:Swordfish movements in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans[J]. Fisheries Oceanography, 2011, 20(3):219-241. DOI URL
[19]	Abecassis M. Modélisation des interactions entre l'espadon,la tortue caouanne et les palangriers dans l'océan Pacifique Nord[D]. France: Université de Toulouse, 2012.
[20]	Palko B J, Beardsley G L, Richards W J. Synopsis of the biology of the swordfish,Xiphias gladius Linnaeus[M]. Seattle,Washington: US Department of Commerce,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,National Marine Fisheries Service, 1981.
[21]	Lee H J, Jong Y J, Chang L M, et al. Propulsion strategy analysis of high speed swordfish[J]. Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 2009, 52(175):11-20. DOI URL
[22]	Carey F G. Further acoustic telemetry observations of swordfish[C]// ICCAT.Proceedings of the Second International Billfish Symposium. United Kingdom: ICCAT, 1990:103-21.
[23]	Abascal F J, Mejuto J, Quintans M, et al. Horizontal and vertical movements of swordfish in the Southeast Pacific[J]. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2010, 67(3):466-474. DOI URL
[24]	Lerner J D, Kerstetter D W, Prince E D, et al. Swordfish vertical distribution and habitat use in relation to diel and lunar cycles in the western North Atlantic[J]. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 2013, 142(1):95-104. DOI URL
[25]	Tserpes G, Peristeraki P, Valavanis V D. Distribution of swordfish in the eastern Mediterranean,in relation to environmental factors and the species biology[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2008, 612(1):241-250. DOI URL
[26]	Seki M P, Polovina J J, Kobayashi D R, et al. An oceanographic characterization of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) longline fishing grounds in the springtime subtropical North Pacific[J]. Fisheries Oceanography, 2002, 11(5):251-266. DOI URL
[27]	Griffiths R C. Physical,chemical and biological oceanography at the entrance to the Gulf of California,spring of 1960[M]. Falls Church,Virginia: US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, 1968.
[28]	Owen R W. Fronts and eddies in the sea:mechanisms,interactions and biological effects[J]. Analysis of Marine Ecosystems, 1981:197-233.
[29]	Sedberry G R, Loefer J K. Satellite telemetry tracking of swordfish,Xiphias gladius,off the eastern United States[J]. Marine Biology, 2001, 139:355-360. DOI URL
[30]	Takahashi M, Okamura H, Yokawa K, et al. Swimming behaviour and migration of a swordfish recorded by archival tag[J]. Marine and Freshwater Research, 2003, 54(4):527-534. DOI URL
[31]	Belkin I M, Cornillon P C, Sherman K. Fronts in large marine ecosystems[J]. Progress in Oceanography, 2009, 81(1-4):223-236. DOI URL
[32]	Hsu A C, Boustany A M, Roberts J J, et al. Tuna and swordfish catch in the U.S.northwest Atlantic longline fishery in relation to mesoscale eddies[J]. Fisheries Oceanography, 2015, 24(6):508-520. DOI URL
[33]	Bell J D, Johanna J E, Hobday A J. Vulnerability of Tropical Pacific Fisheries and Aquaculture to Climate Change[M]. Noumea,New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2011.
[34]	Chang Y J, Sun C L, Chen Y, et al. Habitat suitability analysis and identification of potential fishing grounds for swordfish,Xiphias gladius,in the South Atlantic Ocean[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2012, 33(23):7523-7541. DOI URL
[35]	Lan KW, Lee M A, Wang S P, et al. Environmental variations on swordfish (Xiphias gladius) catch rates in the Indian Ocean[J]. Fisheries Research, 2015, 166:67-79. DOI URL
[36]	Pizarro A G, Barría P. Characterization of the swordfish (Xiphias gladius) fishery in Chile[R]. Latin American Institute of Fisheries:SWO-01 Meeting Report, 2020, 12:25-28.
[37]	Fiúza A. Mesoscale and submesoscale shelf-ocean exchange processes off western Iberia[R]. Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade de Lisboa: MORENA Scientific and Technical Report, 1996:39.
[38]	Podesta G P, Browder J A, Hoey J J. Exploring the association between swordfish catch rates and thermal fronts on US longline grounds in the western North Atlantic[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 1993, 13(2-3):253-277. DOI URL
[39]	Bigelow K A, Boggs C H, He X I. Environmental effects on swordfish and blue shark catch rates in the US North Pacific longline fishery[J]. Fisheries Oceanography, 1999, 8(3):178-198. DOI URL
[40]	Santos A M P, Fiúza A F G, Laurs R M. Influence of SST on catches of swordfish and tuna in the Portuguese domestic longline fishery[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2006, 27(15):3131-3152. DOI URL
[41]	Chang S K, Hsu C C. Development of standardized catch rate of South Atlantic swordfish for Taiwanese longline fleet[C]//ICCAT.Collection Volume of Scientific Paper. Spain:ICCAT, 2002:2-120.
[42]	Natale D A, Mangano A. Moon phases influence on CPUE:a first analysis of swordfish driftnet catch data from the Italian fleet between 1990 and 1991[C]//ICCAT.Collective Volume of Scientific Papers. Italian:ICCAT, 1995, 44(1):264-267.
[43]	Bigelow K, Musyl M K, Poisson F, et al. Pelagic longline gear depth and shoaling[J]. Fisheries Research, 2006, 77(2):173-183. DOI URL
[44]	Poisson F, Gaertner J C, Taquet M, et al. Effects of lunar cycle and fishing operations on longline-caught pelagic fish:fishing performance,capture time,and survival of fish[J]. Aqua Docs, 2010, 108(3):268-281.
[45]	Loefer J K, Sedberry G R, McGovern J C. Nocturnal depth distribution of western North Atlantic Swordfish (Xiphias gladius,Linnaeus,1758)in relation to lunar illumination[J]. Gulf and Caribbean Research, 2007, 19(2):83-88.
[46]	Canese S, Garibaldi F, Relini L O, et al. Swordfish tagging with pop-up satellite tags in the Mediterranean Sea[C]// ICCAT.Collective Volume of Scientific Papers. Italian:ICCAT, 2008, 62(4):1052-1057.
[47]	Dewar H, Prince E D, Musyl M K, et al. Movements and behaviors of swordfish in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans examined using pop-up satellite archival tags[J]. Fisheries Oceanography, 2011, 20(3):219-241. DOI URL
[48]	Orbesen E S, Snodgrass D, Shideler G S, et al. Diurnal patterns in Gulf of Mexico epipelagic predator interactions with pelagic longline gear:implications for target species catch rates and bycatch mitigation[J]. Bulletin of Marine Science, 2017, 93(2):573-589. DOI URL
[49]	Suca J J, Rasmuson L K, Malca E, et al. Characterizing larval swordfish habitat in the western tropical North Atlantic[J]. Fisheries Oceanography, 2018, 27(3):246-258. DOI URL
[50]	Ceyhan T, Tserpes G, Akyol O, et al. The effect of the lunar phase on the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of the Turkish swordfish longline fishery in the eastern Mediterranean Sea[J]. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 2018, 48(3):213-219. DOI URL
[51]	Guyomard D, Desruisseaux M, Poisson F, et al. GAM analysis of operational and environmental factors affecting swordfish (Xiphias gladius) catch and CPUE of the Reunion Island longline fishery,in the South Western Indian Ocean[C]// IOTC.4ème Session du Groupe de Travail de la CTOI sur les poissons Porte-épée.Indian:IOTC, 2004.
[52]	Hazin F H V, Hazin H G, Boeckmann C E, et al. Preliminary study on the reproductive biology of swordfish,Xiphias gladius (Linnaeus 1758),in the southwestern equatorial Atlantic Ocean[C]//ICCAT.Collective Volume of Scientific Papers. Spain:ICCAT, 2002, 54(5):1560-1569.
[53]	Damalas D, Megalofonou P, Apostolopoulou M. Environmental,spatial,temporal and operational effects on swordfish (Xiphias gladius) catch rates of eastern Mediterranean Sea longline fisheries[J]. Fisheries Research, 2007, 84(2):233-246. DOI URL
[54]	Moreno S, Pol J, Muñoz L. Influence of the moon on the abundance of swordfish[C]//ICCAT.Collective Volume of Scientific Papers. Portugal:ICCAT, 1991, 35(2):508-510.
[55]	Draganik B, Cholyst J. Temperature and moonlight as stimulators for feeding activity by swordfish[C]//ICCAT.Collective Volume of Scientific Papers. Portugal:ICCAT, 1988, 27(1):305-314.
[56]	Vega R, Licandeo R. The effect of American and Spanish longline systems on target and non-target species in the eastern South Pacific swordfish fishery[J]. Fisheries Research, 2009, 98(1-3):22-32. DOI URL
[57]	Hazin H G, Hazin F H V, Travassos P, et al. Effect of light-sticks and electralume attractors on surface-longline catches of swordfish (Xiphias gladius,Linnaeus,1959) in the southwest equatorial Atlantic[J]. Fisheries Research, 2005, 72(2-3):271-277. DOI URL
[58]	Beverly S, Curran D, Musyl M, et al. Effects of eliminating shallow hooks from tuna longline sets on target and non-target species in the Hawaii-based pelagic tuna fishery[J]. Fisheries Research, 2009, 96(2-3):281-288. DOI URL
[59]	Dell J, Campbell R, Hillary R, et al. Standardised CPUE indices for the target species in the Eastern Tuna and swordfish fishery[R].IATTC:Technical Report Working Paper to the 29th meeting of Tropical Tuna Resource Assessment Group held, Australia, 2020, 9:10-11.
[60]	Stone H H, Dixon L K. A comparison of catches of swordfish,Xiphias gladius,and other pelagic species from Canadian longline gear configured with alternating monofilament and multifilament nylon gangions[J]. Fishery Bulletin, 2001, 99(1):210-216.

研究者(年份) Researchers (year)	研究方法 Research methods	研究结果 Study results	不足之处 Defects
Carey F G 等(1981)^[11]	声学遥测	剑鱼具有昼夜垂直活动的特征	遥测跟踪的时间有限
Gilman E 等(2007)^[12]	卫星标志放流	剑鱼昼夜垂直运动根据水层含氧量变化呈“U”形(夜间、黎明、黄昏在表层,白天在深处)	研究中使用的溶解氧浓度估计值存在不确定性;地理位置估计有误差;测量深度的次数有限
Chancollon O 等(2006)^[13]	卫星标志放流	成年剑鱼垂直活动行为与饵料生物(鱿鱼和中上层鱼类)的垂直活动一致	忽略了不同水层含氧量的变化
Behrenfeld M J 等(2006)^[14]	统计分析	净初级生产力(Net primary production,NPP)提高,浮游植物及喜食生物增加,造成剑鱼聚集	忽略了海洋锋面区、涡流场和海表温度(See surface temperature,SST)的影响
Neilson J D 等(2007)^[15]	基因组学和电子标志放流	太平洋不止一个剑鱼种群;分析的遗传标记显示太平洋不同地区之间种群有差异	没有研究不同种群之间的洄游活动及不同种群的栖息环境的异同
Neilson J D 等(2009)^[16]	卫星标志放流	剑鱼在西北大西洋具有一致的季节性洄游模式	电子标志过早脱离剑鱼、海水对标志腐蚀、电池故障或硬件损坏、样本量少
Poisson F 等(2009)^[17]	温盐深仪(Conductivity temperature depth,CTD) 海上实测	剑鱼选择在SST上升海域产卵	只研究SST对产卵行为的影响,忽略了其他因素
Dewar H 等(2011)^[18]	卫星标志放流	确定了剑鱼的季节性洄游;剑鱼有较固定的栖息和产卵水域	研究范围过大、样本量少,结论以偏概全

研究者(年份) Researchers (year)	研究方法 Research methods	研究结果 Study results	不足之处 Defects
Carey F G 等(1981)^[11]	声学遥测	剑鱼具有昼夜垂直活动的特征	遥测跟踪的时间有限
Gilman E 等(2007)^[12]	卫星标志放流	剑鱼昼夜垂直运动根据水层含氧量变化呈“U”形(夜间、黎明、黄昏在表层,白天在深处)	研究中使用的溶解氧浓度估计值存在不确定性;地理位置估计有误差;测量深度的次数有限
Chancollon O 等(2006)^[13]	卫星标志放流	成年剑鱼垂直活动行为与饵料生物(鱿鱼和中上层鱼类)的垂直活动一致	忽略了不同水层含氧量的变化
Behrenfeld M J 等(2006)^[14]	统计分析	净初级生产力(Net primary production,NPP)提高,浮游植物及喜食生物增加,造成剑鱼聚集	忽略了海洋锋面区、涡流场和海表温度(See surface temperature,SST)的影响
Neilson J D 等(2007)^[15]	基因组学和电子标志放流	太平洋不止一个剑鱼种群;分析的遗传标记显示太平洋不同地区之间种群有差异	没有研究不同种群之间的洄游活动及不同种群的栖息环境的异同
Neilson J D 等(2009)^[16]	卫星标志放流	剑鱼在西北大西洋具有一致的季节性洄游模式	电子标志过早脱离剑鱼、海水对标志腐蚀、电池故障或硬件损坏、样本量少
Poisson F 等(2009)^[17]	温盐深仪(Conductivity temperature depth,CTD) 海上实测	剑鱼选择在SST上升海域产卵	只研究SST对产卵行为的影响,忽略了其他因素
Dewar H 等(2011)^[18]	卫星标志放流	确定了剑鱼的季节性洄游;剑鱼有较固定的栖息和产卵水域	研究范围过大、样本量少,结论以偏概全

研究者(年份) Researchers (year)	研究方法 Research methods	研究结果 Study results	不足之处 Defects
Owen R W(1981)^[28]	遥感观测	锋面区、涡流场CHL和浮游动物丰度局部升高,导致饵料生物的局部聚集,形成良好的剑鱼摄食环境	仅从食物链角度进行推测
Sedberry G 等(2001)^[29]	遥感观测和卫星标志放流	温度对剑鱼生理有着显著的影响,对其水平和垂直运动也有影响	只通过遥感观测温度变化和标志放流观测剑鱼运动,忽略了气候等的影响
Seki M P 等(2002)^[26]	遥感观测和温深仪 (Temperature depth recorder,TDR)实验	洋流锋面和涡流场聚集浮游生物,发展成剑鱼索饵场	实验时变量过多,结果需进一步验证
Takahashi M 等(2003)^[30]	卫星标志放流和样本分析	剑鱼洄游到热带水域产卵和越冬,洄游到温带水域索饵;剑鱼的性别比和体长分布随季节变化	只研究了印度洋海域;样本记录有误差
Belkin I M 等(2009)^[31]	遥感观测	CHL和SST可以促进剑鱼最佳栖息地的形成	未得到实验验证
Hsu A C 等(2011)^[32]	气象观测	气候变化导致各种海洋学特征发生大规模变化,从而影响剑鱼分布和水平运动	只研究了气候变化对剑鱼种群整体的影响,没有得出具体的影响因素
Bell J D 等(2011)^[33]	气候与温盐深度分析	在印度洋偶极子(Indian ocean dipole,IOD)期间,中上层物种的适宜栖息地减少,导致剑鱼生存难度加大	大规模气候变化,研究变量复杂,忽略了其他影响因素
Chang Y J 等(2012)^[34]	钓钩深度模型和遥感观测	证实了大范围的环境或气候变化,如厄尔尼诺/南方涛动现象(El nino southern oscillation,ENSO),在更大区域范围内影响SST、CHL、剑鱼栖息环境,从而影响整个剑鱼种群的洄游和产卵行为	大规模气候变化研究,结论以偏概全,忽略了其他影响因素
Lan K W 等(2014)^[35]	广义加性模型	印度洋偶极子(Indian ocean dipole,IOD)引起的海表温度差导致海洋环境的变化,如NPP、SST的变化,对剑鱼的丰度产生影响	气候变化复杂,IOD事件对剑鱼种群的具体影响不清楚
Pizarro A G 等(2020)^[36]	遥感观测和卫星标志放流	秘鲁寒流影响的区域是剑鱼高分布区,这是因为较高的NPP发生在锋面区域;沿海地区的高饵料生物密度形成了剑鱼索饵场	样本量少,取样范围小,可能是小部分剑鱼的特殊行为

研究者(年份) Researchers (year)	研究方法 Research methods	研究结果 Study results	不足之处 Defects
Owen R W(1981)^[28]	遥感观测	锋面区、涡流场CHL和浮游动物丰度局部升高,导致饵料生物的局部聚集,形成良好的剑鱼摄食环境	仅从食物链角度进行推测
Sedberry G 等(2001)^[29]	遥感观测和卫星标志放流	温度对剑鱼生理有着显著的影响,对其水平和垂直运动也有影响	只通过遥感观测温度变化和标志放流观测剑鱼运动,忽略了气候等的影响
Seki M P 等(2002)^[26]	遥感观测和温深仪 (Temperature depth recorder,TDR)实验	洋流锋面和涡流场聚集浮游生物,发展成剑鱼索饵场	实验时变量过多,结果需进一步验证
Takahashi M 等(2003)^[30]	卫星标志放流和样本分析	剑鱼洄游到热带水域产卵和越冬,洄游到温带水域索饵;剑鱼的性别比和体长分布随季节变化	只研究了印度洋海域;样本记录有误差
Belkin I M 等(2009)^[31]	遥感观测	CHL和SST可以促进剑鱼最佳栖息地的形成	未得到实验验证
Hsu A C 等(2011)^[32]	气象观测	气候变化导致各种海洋学特征发生大规模变化,从而影响剑鱼分布和水平运动	只研究了气候变化对剑鱼种群整体的影响,没有得出具体的影响因素
Bell J D 等(2011)^[33]	气候与温盐深度分析	在印度洋偶极子(Indian ocean dipole,IOD)期间,中上层物种的适宜栖息地减少,导致剑鱼生存难度加大	大规模气候变化,研究变量复杂,忽略了其他影响因素
Chang Y J 等(2012)^[34]	钓钩深度模型和遥感观测	证实了大范围的环境或气候变化,如厄尔尼诺/南方涛动现象(El nino southern oscillation,ENSO),在更大区域范围内影响SST、CHL、剑鱼栖息环境,从而影响整个剑鱼种群的洄游和产卵行为	大规模气候变化研究,结论以偏概全,忽略了其他影响因素
Lan K W 等(2014)^[35]	广义加性模型	印度洋偶极子(Indian ocean dipole,IOD)引起的海表温度差导致海洋环境的变化,如NPP、SST的变化,对剑鱼的丰度产生影响	气候变化复杂,IOD事件对剑鱼种群的具体影响不清楚
Pizarro A G 等(2020)^[36]	遥感观测和卫星标志放流	秘鲁寒流影响的区域是剑鱼高分布区,这是因为较高的NPP发生在锋面区域;沿海地区的高饵料生物密度形成了剑鱼索饵场	样本量少,取样范围小,可能是小部分剑鱼的特殊行为

研究者(年份) Researchers (year)	研究方法 Research methods	研究结果 Study results	不足之处 Defects
Loefer J K等(2007)^[45]	照度计实验和样本分析法	月球光照周期呈现不均匀的正弦函数模式,在满月和新月之前的CPUE最高	结果不具有普遍解释性
Canese S等(2008)^[46]	电磁波功率谱密度分析	剑鱼在昼夜和月球公转周期中表现出垂直移动的模式	样本量少,不足以说明月相与剑鱼垂直运动的直接关系
Poisson F等(2010)^[44]	声学遥测技术	较低的潮汐波动适合捕捞剑鱼。高潮汐波动造成MLD中饵料分散、通过平流生物体和颗粒物影响浊度、改变延绳钓的形状和深度	忽略了赤道潜流对潮汐力的影响
Dewar H等(2011)^[47]	卫星标志放流	验证了北大西洋西部剑鱼的栖息深度随月光照度的增加而加深	不同月光照度对剑鱼CPUE的具体影响研究不足
Orbesen E S等(2016)^[48]	对比实验和广义线性模型	剑鱼在月球低照度期间表现出最高的捕获率	研究对象多至18种,单一物种样本量较少
Suca J J等(2018)^[49]	照度计实验	月相与剑鱼产卵时间之间存在联系。剑鱼幼鱼的高CPUE出现在月牙期和满月期	实验显示月相与剑鱼产卵时间有关,但是具体的影响程度不清楚