Table of Content

25 June 2018, Volume 40 Issue 3

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Acute toxic effects of benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene on Haliotis discus hannai

2018, 40(3):  169-176. 

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Acute toxic effects of benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene on Haliotis discus hannai were investigated using the semi-static bioassay. LC50 values of the five chemicals acting on Haliotis discus hannai at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h were obtained. The results indicated that there were significant positive correlations between the toxic effects on Haliotis discus hannai and the concentrations of the five chemicals in aquatic environment. The 96 h LC50 values of benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene were 33.37, 25.24, 15.61, 12.84 and 4.81 mg·L-1, respectively, which suggesting that these five chemicals were all highly toxic to Haliotis discus hannai and the toxicity was in the sequence of p-xylene>m-xylene>o-xylene>toluene>benzene.

Characteristics on spatial and temporal variations of nitrogen in water of cage culture areas of Zhanghu reservoir bay

2018, 40(3):  177-185. 

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To study the characteristics on spatial and temporal variations of nitrogen in water from cage culture areas, the surface and bottom waters collected from different cage culture areas of Zhanghu reservoir bay were determined and analyzed monthly for the content of total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen from June 2016 to May 2017. The seasonal variation and correlation of various nitrogen forms in different water layers of the cage culture areas were discussed. The results showed that the annual average content of NO3--N and TN in the bottom waters of the cage culture areas were higher than that in the control areas, while the content of total nitrogen (TN) and NH4+-N in the surface waters of the cage culture areas was lower than that in the control areas. The main form of inorganic nitrogen in both culture areas and control areas was NO3--N, followed by NH4+-N, while the content of NO2--N was the least. The seasonal change of TN, NO3--N, NH4+-N, and NO2--N in culture areas and control areas varied similarly. According to the correlation among various forms of nitrogen in the water, there was a significant correlation among the various forms of nitrogen in the surface waters of culture areas (P<0.01) while there was no significant correlation in water of the control areas (P>0.05) except that there was a significant correlation between NO3--N and TN in the surface water (P<0.01)and NH4+-N and TN in the bottom water(P<0.01).

Study on water quality of a pond for keeping of Scallop Seedlings in Laizhou, Shandong province

2018, 40(3):  186-195. 

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In the course of harvest season, we selected scallop which was with good growth condition and larger individuals to cultivate indoors, and we stimulated them to spawn eggs at the same time. The spawning interval was 20 days at the two time. The larva of scallop can be transferred to seedling preservation pond for about 40 days after about 20 days of indoor cultivation. Scallop seedling preservation is a temporary culture stage before scallop is cultured into the sea, which can improve the adaptability of scallop and the survival rate of the seedling breeding. So the quality of water environment in seedling preservation pond would directly affect the quality and yield of scallop in that year. In general, the water temperature of seedling preservation pool should be stable above 13 ℃, the temperature difference of seedling pond should be less than 2 ℃, the salinity difference should be 5 , the chemical oxygen demand should be less than 3 mg/L, and the pH should be stabilized in the range of 8.0 to 8.4. All the same, the death of scallop occurred in the process of scallop seedling preservation. In particular, the growth of the second batches of seedlings was slow and the survival rate was low. The death of scallop may be caused by poor water quality or its own weak constitution. In order to comprehend the environmental quality of scallop seedling culture, investigation were conducted on the pool of scallop seedlings in Laizhou from April to May of 2017. The results showed that the organic pollution assessment index is less than 1. The environment was in good condition and was basically uncontaminated. The nutritional state index was more than 1, and the phenomenon of eutrophication was frequent. And the comprehensive environmental quality evaluation index was less than 0.75, and showed mild pollution. Chemical oxygen demand and inorganic nitrogen was the greatest contributors to all kinds of pollution. There were a total of 52 species of planktonic algae were identified in the survey, with the largest number of Bacillariophyta, such as Gyrosigma sp., Thalassiothrix sp., Nitzschia sp., Cymbella sp., Diploneis sp., Pinnularia sp. ,etc. The dominant species was stable and diversified, the biodiversity was abundant, and the ecological structure was more stable. On the whole, the environmental quality of the pool was suitable for the cultivation of scallop seedlings. But the seedling preservation activities made the environment of the seedling preservation pool deteriorate, the water quality dropped, and the inappropriateness of the seedling preservation environment led to the death of scallop seedlings. So it is necessary to recognize the present situation of environmental quality, pay attention to the existing problems and take effective measures to improve it. The results of seedling preservation showed that the death rate of the two groups of seedlings appeared earlier and the mortality rate was higher, which was influenced by the health of scallop seedlings and the quality of environment. Therefore, we should select the fine varieties with good growth state and larger physique as parent of shellfish.

Gonadal development and artificial spawning study on Paratapes undulatus

2018, 40(3):  196-202. 

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Paratapes undulatus is an important commericial shellfish in the coastal areass of Fujian Province. However, the reduction of natural resources has become a bottleneck restricting the development of the aquaculture industry. In order to guide the artificial breeding of this species, in this study, gonad annual development was determined by microsection observation and artificial spawning breeding experiments were also performed. Microsection observations indicated that the gonad development of P. undulatus could be divided into five periods, e.g., resting stage (I), proliferative stage (II), growing stage (III), mature stage (IV) and emission stage (V). The maturation rate (R) of gonad reached its peak in July (R=0.93). Between April and November, we conducted one or two artificial spawning tests every month, and the data showed that the spawning effects in June and July were the best, followed by September and October. Combining gonad annual development changes, artificial spawning situations and sea water temperature, this study obtained important basic data that would benefit local artificial breeding and natural resource protection for P. undulatus.

Study on energy budget of Solen strictus Gould

2018, 40(3):  203-208. 

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In order to investigate the changes of ingestion, physiological index and energy budget of the Solen gradis under different environmental conditions, the ingestion rate, oxygen consumption rate, ammonia excretion rate and absorption efficiency in static water system were measured to assess the effects of temperature, salinity and bait density on energy budget. Results showed that: 1) At the temperature of 23°C, the ingested energy, respiration energy and growth energy reached maximum value; 2) The largest proportion of energy was used for growth when the salinity was 28; 3) The growth energy reached the maximum value when the feed density was 10.0×104 cell/mL. The energy budget equations of Solen strictus under different temperature, salinity and food concentrations were also built in the present study.

Determination of four triazole pesticides residues in aquatic products by gas chromatography spectrometry

2018, 40(3):  209-216. 

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A Gas Chromatography Spectrometry method (GC) for determination of 4 kinds of triazole pesticides residues including triazolone, triadimenol, cyproconazole and bitertanol in aquatic products was established in this study. The triazole pesticides were extracted with acetonitrile, then purified by graphitizing carbon-florisil column and eluted with acetone-n-hexane (1∶9，V/V). Then the prepared samples were analyzed by gas chromatography spectrometry and quantified through external standard method. Results showed that the response value of triazolone has good linear relationship with mass concentration in the range of 1.25 ~125.00 ng/mL, and that of the other three pesticides were 25 ~2500 ng/mL, Thecorrelation coefficients were all in the range of 0.999 7~0.999 8. When triazolone was spiked within 0.4~8.0 μg/kg and the others were spiked within 8~160 μg/kg, the average recoveries of intraday and interday of eel, Penaeus japonicus, abalone and asparagus were 78.8%~95.0%, and their relative standard deviations were 1.48%~11.4%. The limits of detection and quantitation of triadimenol、cyproconazole and bitertanol were 4.0 μg/kg and 8.0 μg/kg respectively, and that of triazolone was 0.2 μg/kg and 0.4 μg/kg respectively. These results suggested that the GC method established in this study could effectively detect the residues of 4 kinds of triazole pesticides in aquatic products.

Investigation on formaldehyde residues of major fresh aquatic products consumed in Yueqing City and health assessment on dietary exposure

2018, 40(3):  217-222. 

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This study aimed to investigate formaldehyde residues of major fresh aquatic products consumed in Yueqing City, and evaluate the health risk of formaldehyde in acute and chronic dietary exposure, which could provide scientific advice to consumers and regulators. Formaldehyde residue of 9 types (238 batches) aquatic products including clam (Mactra chinensis), muddy (Tegillarca granosa Linnaeus), oyster (Oystrea rivularis), constricta (Sinonovacula constricta), mantis shrimp (Oratosquilla amikdo), blue crab (Scylla paramamosain), carp (Carassius auratus), dragon fish (Harpodon Nehereus), and squid (Sepia esculenta) marketed in Yueqing City were determined. Combined with the amount of aquatic product intake obtained from questionnaire survey, dietary exposure level and margin of safety (MOS) of formaldehyde were calculated, acute and chronic dietary exposure risks of formaldehyde were further evaluated. The results showed that the minimum, average, and maximum residues of formaldehyde for these aquatic products were 0 (not detected), 18.51, and 351.75 mg/kg, respectively. Significant difference of formaldehyde residue in different aquatic products was observed, blue crabs and squid showed the lowest formaldehyde residue, while mantis shrimp and dragon fish showed the highest, especially the latter had a maximum of 351.75 mg/kg. The results of formaldehyde risk assessment on acute dietary exposure indicated that blue crab was of the lowest risk (MOS 154.3) and dragon fish the highest (MOS 2.5), while the results of chronic risk assessment suggested that clam was of the lowest risk (MOS 753.3) and dragon fish of the highest risk (MOS 11.8). These findings indicates that formaldehyde residue of major aquatic products consumed in Yueqing City is acceptable for acute or chronic dietary exposure. However, it should be noted that formaldehyde residue in some types of aquatic products, such as dragon fish are much higher than the average. It is recommended that consumers should not consume large amounts of these products for a short time.

Investigation and analysis of chloramphenicol residues in shellfish sold in Xiamen

2018, 40(3):  223-227. 

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To investigate the chloramphenicol residues of common types of shellfish sold in Xiamen retailer, 169 samples were collected from wholesale markets, supermarket and shellfish farms including 8 kinds of shellfish such as Ruditapes philippinarum, Meretrix meretrix, Ostrea gigas tnunberg, Sinonovacula constricta, Mytilus edulis, Tegillarca granosa, Musculus senhousei, and Chlamys farreri. According to the national standard GB/T 20756—2006, chloramphenicol residues in shellfish were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS．Detection ranges of the method were 0.5~10 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficient was 0.999 8. The detection limit was achieved as 0.1 μg/kg, while the recovery range of chloramphenicol was 88%~104%. The results showed that the detection rate of chloramphenicol in 169 samples was 3.6% (6/169), and the highest content level was 7.05 μg/kg. Among the 8 species of shellfish, the detection rate of chloramphenicol in Ruditapes philippinarum and Meretrix meretrix were 7.7% (3/39) and 6.7% (2/30), which were much higher than other kinds of shellfish. The results of the survey showed that chloramphenicol residues were found in shellfish in the retailer. It is necessary to further strengthen monitoring to guarantee the consumer health.

Exploration on marketing mode of Fujian Fishery Mutual Insurance Association in the Internet Era

2018, 40(3):  228-233. 

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In recent years, with the rapid development of Internet insurance marketing, the scale of premium income was increasing. Through a comparative study of the development of China's network insurance, we found that the scale of insurance premiums in the Internet insurance industry in China has increased rapidly. From 2012 to 2016, the year income of Internet insurance premiums in China had rapidly increased from 10 billion 624 million Yuan to 234 billion 797 million Yuan, with an increase of 2 210%, while the Internet insurance premium accounts for a large proportion of the total insurance premiums in our country: from 0.69% to 7.57%. Internet insurance marketing is becoming more and more important in the future marketing. The paper introduced the current development of Internet insurance in China, and analyzed the existing two modes of Internet insurance in China: the traditional Internet insurance marketing model and the mobile Internet insurance marketing model. Through the analysis of Fujian Fishery Mutual Insurance Association in the network insurance marketing lack of attention to Internet insurance marketing awareness, network insurance single insurance, product types, fishermen's members' independent participation in Internet insurance awareness is not strong, with the lack of network insurance marketing professionals, lack of information security protection and other problems. It is suggested that the Fujian Fisheries Mutual Insurance Association should fully learn from the development experience of Internet insurance marketing mode in China, improve its service continuously, and gradually develop the self-help order and claim system of WeChat, AAP or web page, optimize and improve the network platform technology to realize the convenience and timeliness of Internet insurance; through the media, television, newspapers, magazines, WeChat, self built official website and other promotional activities and other ways to increase publicity related knowledge of Internet insurance. Through a variety of means, including large data, cloud technology and other means to master the different needs of the existing four major categories of insurance, be good at discovering the actual needs of members, with the needs of members as the core and guidance, in accordance with the needs of members, to adjust the existing four categories of insurance products in time, and to develop and improve the existing four major types of insurance. Through the establishment of a unique training system and target, through systematic training, the ability of Internet insurance marketing, Internet business expansion and Internet data mining will be promoted to provide fresh blood for the development of Internet marketing in the future, and through the study and management of Internet security. The advanced technology of full management, the continuous improvement of the information security guarantee mechanism, and the gradual formation of effective regulatory mechanism, should actively respond to the change and impact of the Internet insurance marketing model, constantly meet the increasing demand for Internet insurance of the fishermen's members, and promote the steady and healthy development of the mutual insurance cause of the fishery industry in Fujian Province.

Research progress in biological activities, modification and application of algae

2018, 40(3):  234-241. 

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Algal polyphenols, a class of secondary metabolites existed in algae, have multiple biological activities due to their unique chemical structure, and are becoming a hot research direction of marine bioactive substances. In this paper, the biological activities of algae polyphenols were described, such as antibacterial, antioxidative, antitumor, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-radiate, anti-allergic, antiasthmatic and antiviral activities. The research progress on their modification with metal ion, protein, polysaccharide and other substances was simply introduced. The application foreground of algae polyphenols in food preservation, functional food development and cosmetics industries was also predicted.

Research progress of marine natural active substances with lowering uric acid effects

2018, 40(3):  242-248. 

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In recent years, the incidence of hyperuricemia and gout has risen, and the high level of uric acid often leads to rheumatism, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, renal dysfunction and a series of complications, which seriously impacts upon people's normal quality of life and social production. Compared with the western medicine currently used in clinical practice, active substances from natural resource get more attention because of the more moderate function, safer, no damage to the kidney, fewer side effect and so on. Various active substances from natural resource which have the uric acid-lowering efficacy reported currently were mainly polysaccharide, polyphenols, saponins, flavonoids, bioactive peptides, etc. This paper reviewed the synthetic pathways of uric acid and the enzymes that play an important role in purine metabolism in human body (such as xanthine oxidase, adenosine deaminase, etc.),uric acid excretion pathway and main influencing factors, the pathogenesis of high uric acid and the reasons for the imbalance of purine metabolism, the common evaluation model of uric acid-lowing, and the research progress of marine natural active substances that have effects of lowering uric acid. And we hoped to provide a reference for the development of functional food with the effect of reducing uric acid.