Table of Content

24 August 2018, Volume 40 Issue 4

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Analysis of bacterial community structure in culture water of recirculating aquaculture systems of Fugu bimaculatus

zhihuang Zhu Lei-Bin LI zhen LU

2018, 40(4):  249-257. 

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16S rRNA high-throughput generation sequencing technology was used to study the bacterial community characteristics of culture water of recirculating aquaculture system（RAS）for Fugu bimaculatus. In order to elucidate the relationship between bacterial community and the occurrence of bacterial disease, the difference of bacterial community structure of sick and healthy culture water was compared. The results showed that the composition of bacterial communities in sick and healthy culture water was highly similar, there was no significant difference in the Alpha-diversity of bacterial community. The dominant phylums of the bacterial in culture water of RAS were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, while the dominant classes of bacteria were Gammaproteobacteria, Flavobacteriia and Alphaproteobacteria. The dominant orders of bacteria were Flavobacteriales, Thiotrichales, Rhodobacterales, Alteromonadales and Vibrionales, while the dominant family of bacteria were Flavobacteriaceae, Thiotrichaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Vibrionaceae and Pseudoalteromonadaceae. However, the abundance ratio of bacterial communities at the same classification level was significantly different in sick and healthy culture water. The core micro-organisms (genus) was obvious difference between sick and healthy culture water. The core micro-organisms in the healthy culture waters was dominated by Polariclaer; while the core micro-organisms in the sick culture waters were Photobacterium and Vibrio of Vibrionales. The Photobacterium and Vibrio were reported as pathogenic bacteria or conditional pathogenic bacteria.The occurrence of ulceration in F. bimaculatus was associated with a high proportion of Vibrio abundance in bacterial communities in cultured waters.The results were of great significance for monitoring, early warning, diagnosis and management control of bacterial diseases in recirculating aquaculture of F. bimaculatus.

Time-resolved fluorescent immunochromatographic assay for cypermethrin in aquatic product

2018, 40(4):  258-267. 

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Cypermethrin is widely used in agriculture. Aquatic products can enrich cypermethrin in the water system, and then affect the health of human through the food chain. In this study, the time-resolved fluorescent immunochromatographic assay for cypermethrin was developed through using Eu particles to mark cypermethrin antibody. The results showed that the average relative error of cypermethrin detection card was between 4.24% and 8.66%; the detection range of cypermethrin card was 1-19.3 ng/mL in the shrimp samples; the minimum detection limit was 0.35 ng/mL; the coefficient of determination R2 was 0.9990; the intra batch variation coefficient of the detection card was between 3.0%~8.6% and the inter batch variation coefficient was between 4.8%~6.6%; the relative error between the detection card detecting result and the gas chromatography results was between 8%~20%, and the linear correlation coefficient R was 0.989 9. In conclusion, the time-resolved fluorescent immunochromatographic assay for cypermethrin can be applied to the rapid quantitative detection of cypermethrin in aquatic products.

The study on identification of PAHs biomarkers on the basis of bivalve

2018, 40(4):  268-278. 

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This study examined several metabolic detoxification indexes (AHH, GST, GSH and SOD) and the change of DNA damage in the Philippines clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) gill filament and digestive blind sac exposed to different concentrations of PAHs. The concentration of B[a]P was set to be 0, 0.01, and 0.2 ug/L. The results showed that B[a]P had a significant induction effect on the AHH, GST, GSH and SOD activity of gills and digestive blind sacs of R. philippinarum (P<0.05), and showed obvious characteristics of time and dose effect. All the indicators of branchial filaments and digestive blind sacs had similar change rules. During the exposure experiment, AHH activity was induced to increase, and the degree of induction was positively correlated with the concentration of violent pollution. GST and GSH activity were firstly induced to increase, then inhibited and correlated with B[a]P concentration. The activity of SOD showed a certain peak change, reaching the maximum in 3 days, and then was inhibited. The level of DNA single chain fracture was also significantly induced, and the degree of induction was positively correlated with the pollution concentration. Exposure to PAHs affected the AHH, GST, GSH and SOD activity in the R. philippinarum gill filaments and digestive blind sac, and then reflected the ability of the body's metabolism and detoxification, while the DNA level of single fracture directly reflected the oxidative damage degree of the body. Both of these constitute a combination of biological markers, can accurately reflect the toxicological effect of PAHs to the R. philippinarum.

Bioremediation in Pseudosciaena crocea cage-farming areas by the cultivation of Saccharina japonica

2018, 40(4):  279-285. 

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In order to establish ecological aquaculture model of Pseudosciaena crocea, a tentative experiment of bioremediation in Pseudosciaena crocea cage-farming areas by the cultivation of Saccharina japonica was employed for reducing the inorganic N and P elements in the nutritionally enriched sea water in Sandu’ao, Fujian Province. Continuous fixed point and fixed time detection of sea water showed that S. japonica fundamentally repaired the enriched sea water, while the concentration of dissolved oxygen were significantly increased and the inorganic N and P were distantly reduced comparing with the control of non-bioremediation area in the course of experiment. These results suggested that the combination culture of P. crocea and S. japonicawas was an effective and healthy cultivation model for the sustainable aquaculture of P. crocea.

Simultaneous determination of fluoroquinolones residues in sediment by dispersive solid-phase extraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

2018, 40(4):  286-294. 

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An efficient method was established for the determination of fluoroquinolones in sediment by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) combined with dispersive solid-phase extraction. The samples were ultrasonically extracted with 20 mL phosphate buffer solution and acetonitrile mixture (1:1, V/V), followed by 0.15 g ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt complexation. Then the supernatant extract was cleaned up with a dispersive solid-phase extraction. The analytes were separated on a Ultimate XB-C18 column by gradient elution with 4 mmol/L ammonium acetate-0.1% formic acid -0.1% formic acid methol as mobile phase, detected in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with electrospray ionization (ESI) under positive ion mode. And the quantitative results were calculated by the internal standard method. The results showed that the calibration curves were linear (R2>0.99) in the range of 2.5~200 ng/mL for five fluoroquinolones. Limits of quantitation for fluoroquinolones were 2 μg/kg. The average recoveries at spiked levels of 2~50 μg/kg ranged from 79.8% to 112%. Intra-day and inter-day RSDs were 3.2%~9.9% and 5.3%~8.6%, respectively.

Determination of malachite green and metabolites residues in fish by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Gong-Shi LIN

2018, 40(4):  295-301. 

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This paper optimized the method of GB/T 19857—2005, and established a method for determination of malachite green (MG) and leucomalachite green (LMG) residues in fish through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)．The samples were extracted with acetonitrile, cleaned up with neutral alumina column, and separated by Zorbax Eclipse Plus-C18 chromatographic column. The acetonitrile-5 mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer solution was used as mobile phase. Then aims compound were detected by UHPLC-MS/MS with ESI positive ion mode and multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode, and quantified by using isotope internal standards. The results showed that both MG, LMG contents had good linear relationship within the range of 0.5~20.0 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficient was 0.999. The detection limits was 0.05 μg/kg. The average recoveries ranged from 81.3% to 103.3% at the spiked levels of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μg/kg in Oreochromis mossambicus, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Scophthalmus maximus, Siniperca chuatsi, Trachinotus ovatus, and Ophiocephalus argus Cantor. The relative standard deviation of determination results was less than 10% (n=6). These results suggested that the method was accurate, rapid and saving reagents, which would be suitable for the detection of MG and LMG residues in fish.

Acute toxicity test of six commonly-used aquaculture drugs on juvenile Masracembelue armatus

2018, 40(4):  302-307. 

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In order to obtain the safe concentrations of 6 commonly-used aquaculture drugs and provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of Masracembelue armatus diseases in the seeding cultivation and breeding, the acute toxicity of 6 commonly-used aquaculture drugs on juvenile Mastacembelus armatus with an average length of (7.65 ± 1.03) cm and weight of (1.193 ± 0.529) g was studied by a semi-static toxicity experiment method at the water temperature of 25~28℃. The results showed that the safe concentrations of avermectin solution, beta-cypermethrin solution, chlorine dioxide, symclosene, strong glutaral solution and ridomil were 0.308, 0.027, 0.491, 0.041, 4.598, and 1.053 mg/L, respectively. Conclusion: among the 6 commonly-used aquaculture drugs, symclosene should be banned to treat the disease of juvenile Mastacembelus armatus because its toxicity was the highest of all and its safe concentrations were significantly lower than the common concentrations. Fortunately, the safe concentrations of avermectin solution, beta-cypermethrin solution, chlorine dioxide, strong glutaral solution, and ridomil were near or higher than their common concentrations, so they could be used safely in treating the disease of juvenile Mastacembelus armatus. According to the evaluation standard of toxic substances to fish toxicity level, the toxicity of beta-cypermethrin solution and symclosene was high, while that of avermectin solution and chlorine dioxide was moderate, yet that of strong glutaral solution and ridomil was low.

Emergency treatment and reflection of red tide event of Gymnodinium catenatum in Fujian sea area in 2017

Chen Huorong

2018, 40(4):  308-314. 

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Fujian is one of the provinces that red tide frequently occurred. During 2000 to 2017, 219 red tides have been recorded, among which 35 the red tides caused damage to fishery culture or the health of people. Emergency disposal of toxic red tide is very important for the safty of people’s consumption, the development of marine fishery economy, and the construction of Ecological Province in Fujian. In this paper, the process of red tide events, the main emergency treatment measures, and problems were discussed, based on the red tide event of Gymnodinium catenatum in Quanzhou and Zhangzhou sea areas in 2017. During the disposal of the toxic red tide event, the government departments effectively curbed the further expansion of the situation caused by the red tide, and ensured the food safety of aquatic products by taking timely control of shellfish culture areas, adjusting the monitoring work according to the dynamic changes of red tide, opening the dynamic informations initiatively, and terminating the emergency response timely. In view of the deficiencies in the event process, such as departmental linkage and monitoring capability for red tide, etc, we wish to make the following proposals: 1)The cooperative emergency response mechanism should be improved; 2)The basic emergency capacity at the city level should be improved; 3)New technology can be applied for toxic red tide biological monitoring; 4)Make fast-detection technology for the detection of shellfish toxins highly applied to ensure the food safety of aquatic products.

Transformation and upgrading countermeasure for the large yellow croaker industry in China

2018, 40(4):  315-323. 

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After more than 30 years of development, the large yellow croaker industry has entered a stage of transformation and upgrading in China. And the countermeasures from many aspects were discussed in the present paper, such as accelerating the construction of original improved seed system, normalizing the layout of culture cages and optimizing the cage structure, improving the quality and benefit of the industry, intensifying development and application of formulated diets, implementing comprehensive prevention and control technology of diseases, improving the product processing rate, implementing brand strategy, making industry associations more active and creating a culture of large yellow croaker, etc.

Self-pollution of Argopecten irradias culture effects on the ecological environment of aquaculture area

2018, 40(4):  324-328. 

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This paper made a review of the research on the self-pollution of Argopecten irradias cultured in recent years, and discussed the mechanism of the ecological environment change in the aquaculture area caused by it, especially its influence on various indexes of water. The reasonable suggestions on the sustainable development of A. irradias culture and the protection of coastal ecological environment were put forward, which pointed out that the use of scientific and optimized way of mariculture, could help to achieve the harmonious development of economic efficiency and environmental protection, as well as controlled pollution by biological remediation methods and repair the environment.