Table of Content

26 February 2018, Volume 40 Issue 1

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A preliminary investigation on morphology, sequencing and isozyme of Soletellina diphos

Peng-Yun WANG

2018, 40(1):  1-15. 

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Soletellina diphos is a rare and endangered economic shellfish only distributed in the southwest intertidal zone of Nanri Island which possesses less human interference and environmental pollution in Putian sea area, Fujian Province. In order to discern the germplasm and genetic background of this indigenous population, shell length, shell height, shell width and body weight of 1 age cultured and 2~3 years old wild S. diphos populations were observed and measured morphologically by using of vernier caliper and precision scales to derive the calculation formula between these quantitative characters. 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, COI, Cytb, H3, 18S rRNA, ITS as well as 28S rRNA of wild individuals were amplificated and sequenced respectively through the method of conventional PCR and clone. Neighbor-Joining phylogenetic trees involved in those related homologous sequences of Psammobiidae or Tellinoidea were reconstructed based on the comparison and analysis of sequence similarities and genetic distances. The enzymatic activities, specificity and polymorphism in relation to two different tissues of six isozymes including EST, IDH, LDH, MDH, ME and SOD extracted from the adductor muscle and axe-shaped foot muscle were determined and analyzed with vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoenzyme specific dye. The results showed that correlativities between shell length and height, shell length and weight, shell height and weight were high, and the mean ratios of shell length to height were (2.06±0.08) times and (2.07±0.08) times, similar in both of the cultivated and feral populations. Arranged in turn as, the growth equations between shell length and shell height, shell length and body weight, shell height and body weight could be successively described by the linear function H=0.4787L+0.0425 (R2=0.9831), power function W=0.0591H3.0459 (R2=0.9902) and W=0.5295H3.0582 (R2=0.9932). Different geographical specimens of S. diphos revealed certain hereditary variation in 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, COI and Cytb base compositions, genetic distances and molecular evolutionary trees. Meanwhile, S. diphos and S. adamsii may belong to the potential synonyms or geographic subspecies according to 16S rRNA and 28S rRNA experimental results. Besides SOD, distinct tissue expression specificity of EST, IDH, LDH, MDH and ME were examined. LDH was not found expressing in axe-shaped foot muscle tissues among all the six isozymes while ME was detected with strong enzyme activity in adductor muscle. EST exhibited clear enzyme spectrum and had apparent polymorphism in the number of enzyme bands between individuals. The study will provide a valuable reference for further research in identification, genetic structure and variability of local natural S. diphos resources.

Microsatellite analysis of the genetic differences among six species of farmed tilapia from Hainan Province

2018, 40(1):  16-23. 

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Genetic diversity of six species of tilapia in Hainan province was studied with twenty pairs of previously screened microsatellite primers to analyze the genetic variation and genetic relationships among these groups. The genetic parameters in different groups were also compared, which included allele number, efficient allele number, observation heterozygosity, expectation heterozygosity, Shannon's polymorphism index, average polymorphic information content, etc. A systematic cluster map of six tilapia groups was constructed using genetic distance. The results showed that the number of allele of the 6 groups was 68. The average allele number was 1.992 2～2.255 8. The average observed heterozygosity was 0.572 5～0.745 0. The average expected heterozygosity was 0.469 2～0.532 3. The Shannon's diversity index was 0.719 3～0.848 6. The polymorphic information content got 0.25

Natural spawning and fertilization of Phascolosoma esculenta under labolatory condition

2018, 40(1):  24-34. 

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In order to obtain the appropriate mature parents of Phascolosoma esculenta from the natural marine areas for large-scaled breeding, in the present study, the laying rules, fecundity and fertilization rate， and quality of oocytes of P. esculentawas were studied under the condition of indoor artificial cultivations. The results showed that the average weight of P. esculenta parents was 4.61 g, and the male and female proportion of the natural population is uniform. The fecundity increased with growing weight, while the relative fecundity decreased when the individual weight reached a certain size (≥ 5 g). From June 30th, 2015 to September 22th, 2015, the period of parents spawning is 85 days and the total amount of eggs was 16.73 million. The amount of eggs was 7.495 million, 6.995 million and 2.21 million in July, August and September, respectively, which is accounted for 44.8%, 41.8% and 13.2% of the total amount, respectively. The quality of fertilized eggs from July to August was better than that in September.

Correlation and path analysis of Mya arenaria group phenotypic traits and weight traits

2018, 40(1):  35-41.  DOI:

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Fifty individuals were randomly selected from the four instar in the wild populations of Mya arenaria Dalian Lushun Longwangtang waters. And then, the measurement of shell length (X1), shell height (X2), shell width (X3) and weight (Y1), the shape of live weight and soft body weight (Y2) were performed, while correlation coefficient between characters was also calculated. The effects of phenotypic traits on weight traits were analyzed by means of correlation and path analysis. The results showed that the correlation between the 5 quantitative traits reached significant level (P<0.05). The correlation coefficient is from 0.676 to 0.931. Phenotypic traits had the same effect on live weight and soft body weight. The largest of the two direct effects are shell length, while their values were 31.80% and 23.90%, respectively. The largest indirect effects of the two are shell width, while their values were 10.80% and 8.40%, respectively, and shell height is the least. Multiple regression analysis was established for the regression equations of shell length (x1), shell height (x2), shell width (x3) with 3 estimates of live weight (Y1) and soft body weight (Y2) as: Y1 = 1.421X1 + 1.563X2 + 0.722X3 -125.360 and Y2 = 0.348X1 + 0.390X2 + 0.169X3 - 28.119. The results for Mya arenaria provided a theoretical basis for selective breeding: in order to improve the living weight or soft body weight, the shell length was the main consideration, while strengthen the coordination of shell width should be also considered.

Community characteristics of phytoplankton in Anhai Bay

2018, 40(1):  42-52. 

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Based on the investigations on phytoplankton in May (Spring), August (Summer), October (Autumn) of 2016 and February (Winter) of 2017 in Anhai Bay of Fujian Province, the community characteristics of phytoplankton were studied. The results showed that 139 species of phytoplankton which belong to 68 genera of 6 phylum (Oscillariophyta, Euglenophyta, Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, Pyrrophyta and Bacillariophyta) were identified, while Cyclotella sp., Skeletonema costatum, Melosira sp., Nitzschia sp., Lauderia borealis, Gyrosigma fasciola, and Chaetoceros socialis were dominant species, especially Cyclotella sp. and Skeletonema costatum existed all over the year. The diatoms were the main group of phytoplankton and the ecotypes of phytoplankton were mostly eurytopic species and freshwater species. The average cell abundance were 22.26×104 cells/L in Spring, 6.23×104cells/L in Summer, 10.61×104 cells/L in Autumn and 54.21×104cells/L in Winter, with an average of 23.33×104cells/L over the year and the diversity of phytoplankton was 2.64. There were great differences in the cell abundance, species and diversity index of phytoplankton between high-tide period and low-tide period. The drainage of sewage discharging from Jinjiang Economic Development Zone Sewage Treatment Plant had a great influence on the growth of phytoplankton Cyclotella sp. and the abundance of antifouling species such as Euglena sp. and Scenedesmus spp. The fresh water had a great influence on the phytoplankton in some regions. The changes of phytoplankton dominant species and diversity index showed that the phytoplankton community in Anhai Bay was unstable.

Characteristics on spatial and temporal variations of nitrogen in the sediments from cage culture area of Zhanghu reservoir bay

2018, 40(1):  53-59. 

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To study the characteristics on spatial and temporal variations of nitrogen in the sediments from cage culture area, the sediments collected from different cage culture area of Zhanghu reservoir bay were determined and analyzed monthly for the content of total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen from June 2016 to May 2017. The relationship between various forms of nitrogen in the sediments from different cage culture area was discussed. The results showed that the range of annual content of sediment total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen were 530.00～3570.00, 28.29～362.46, and 3.36～7.98mg/kg, respectively. Sediment total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were influenced obviously by seasons, but the season variation of nitrate nitrogen was not obvious. The results showed that the content of total nitrogen was higher in winter and lower in summer, while ammonium nitrogen was the highest in summer. There were spatial significant difference in the content of various forms of nitrogen of sediments from different cages culture area. The content of total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in sediments of high density cage culture areas were significantly higher than that of non-cultured areas. The average content of total nitrogen in the low-density cage culture areas was significantly lower than that of non-cultured areas, but the content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were not significantly different from that of non-cultured areas. The correlations of all forms of nitrogen were different in the sediments of different cage culture areas, and the significant positive correlations (P<0.05) between contents of ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen, as well as between contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were found.

Determination of phthalate acid ester residues in the meat of freshwater mussel by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

2018, 40(1):  60-65. 

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The freshwater mussel samples were extracted with ethyl acetate solvent. Then the samples were purified by solid-phase extraction with Florisil column. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated with nitrogen and concentrated with n-hexane. The content was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with isotope internal standard method. The results showed that: PAEs had a good linear relationship between 0.10-2.00 mg/L, while the correlation coefficient r were all above 0.99. The average recoveries ranged from 73.1% to 94.3% with RSD that less than 9.3% by three level of spiked concentrations. The limit of detection were ranged from 1.2 to 3.9 μg/kg. The method had the advantages of simple pretreatment, high sensitivity and high accuracy, and can be satisfied in requirement of detecting phthalate residues in freshwater mussel meat.

Acute toxicity and safe assessment of Cr, Zn and Cd to “All Male No.1” seed of Pelteobaqrus fulvidraco

2018, 40(1):  66-70. 

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The medium lethal concentration (LC50) and the safe concentration (SC) of three heavy metals ([Cr6+], [Zn2+] and [Cd2+]) to “all male No.1” seed of Pelteobaqrus fulvidraco were tested at 28±1.5 ℃, pH6.5~7.0. The results showed that the LC50 of 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h for [Cr6+] to “all male No.1” seed of P. fulvidraco were 168.71, 84.85, 52.23 and 34.46 mg.L-1, respectively; the LC50 of 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h for [Zn2+] to “all male No.1” seed of P. fulvidraco were 5.36, 3.34, 3.12 and 2.75 mg.L-1, respectively; the LC50 of 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h for [Cd2+] to “all male No.1” seed of P. fulvidraco were 1.87, 1.74, 1.63 and 1.15 mg.L-1, respectively. The safe concentration of [Cr6+], [Zn2+] and [Cd2+] to “all male No.1” seed of P. fulvidraco were 3.45, 0.28 and 0.12mg.L-1, respectively. Taken together, to “all male No.1” seed of P. fulvidraco, the toxicity of three heavy metal ions was in the order of [Cd2+]>[Zn2+]>[Cr6+], while [Zn2+] and [Cd2+] have medium toxicity, and [Cr6+] have low toxicity.

Discussion on the quality assurance of the whole process of marine environmental monitoring——Take the survey of the environment and resources in Fuqing Bay and Xinghua Bay as an example

2018, 40(1):  71-75. 

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Quality assurance is an important component of marine environmental monitoring, and it is the basic means to ensure the authenticity, reliability and accuracy of monitoring data. In order to provide some reference for marine environmental monitoring, this study introduces effective quality assurance and quality control measures adopted in practical work from the preliminary preparation, external sampling, internal analysis, data review, summary review and output results of each link, on the bases of the survey of the environment and resources of Fuqing bay and Xinghua bay in 2016.

Current status and development strategy of Fujian aquatic products processing industry

2018, 40(1):  76-82. 

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Based on official visits to fishery authorities at all levels in Fujian province and field investigations in Fujian aquatic processing enterprises, combined with recent fishery statistics data, the current industry status, main problem and development strategy of Fujian aquatic products processing industries (including fish, crustaceans, shellfish and algae) were reviewed in this paper. During the 12th Five-Year plan period, the output of fishing products had been increased, the level of breeding technology had been improved, the production of aquaculture had been increased, the policy of fishery transformation and upgrading had been implemented, the scale and processing technology level of aquatic products processing industry had been continuously risen, the quality and safety levels of aquatic products had been greatly improved. Nevertheless, several problems remained prominent, such as low proportion of aquatic product processing, regional development imbalance and insufficient technological innovation, etc. In general, the direction and pattern in line with the interests of Fujian aquatic products processing industry were introduced and illustrated, in order to provide the reference basis for the new growth of Fujian fishery economy.

Research progress on application of Bacillus licheniformis in aquaculture

2018, 40(1):  83-88. 

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This paper summarized Bacillus licheniformis characteristics, function, as well as the mechanism of action and the application actuality in aquaculture, also pointed out the problems during production practice and future research directions. B.licheniformis is a gram-positive facultative anaerobe. It has the characteristics of acid-resisting, heat-resisting, bile salts tolerance and artificial gastric juice tolerance, which has a great application prospect in aquaculture. In aquaculture, it has the function of maintaining the ecological balance in the intestine, promoting the absorption of nutrients, improving the immunity of the organism and purifying the water environment. The scientific use of B.licheniformis can promote the healthy development of aquaculture.