Table of Content

26 October 2015, Volume 37 Issue 5

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The effects of different carbon sources on larval rearing of Litopenaeus vannamei by biofloc technology

2015, 37(5):  347-352. 

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In order to improve the ecological level of Litopenaeus vannamei in the process of shrimp seedlings production, 50% bait amount of sucrose, glucose, starch was added to the prawn seedling water respectively as carbon source of the biofloc, bacillus licheniformis was also used. The whole experiment process was conducted in 1000 liters of water. Results indicate that carbon source adding group of floccules content was significantly higher than control group, and sucrose adding group of floccules formed earlier than starch and glucose group; Ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content was significantly lower than control and starch group s in sucrose and glucose adding group, and the nitrite peak concentrations decreased by 25.4% and 31.4%, respectively, compared with the control group and could automatically droped without changing water; Crude protein and crude fat content significantly higher than the control group in carbon source adding group, and sucrose adding group hadthe highest crude protein content, reached 32.6%; The body length of the larval shrimp (P14) of glucose and sucrose adding group increased significantly by 22.8% and 22.8% respectively (p<0.01). Thus, Sucrose and glucose is appropriate carbon source during biofloc technology larval rearing of L. vannamei.

Analysis of mercury in drainage waters and sediment from sweater flue gas desulfurization system of Houshi power plant in Zhangzhou,Fujian

2015, 37(5):  363-370. 

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In this paper, changes of mercury in drainage waters and sediment from seawaters flue gas desulfurization system of coal-fired power plant were described in the last 15 years, the causes of elevated mercury levels combining with 6 years of desulfurization process monitoring data were analyzed, and the cumulative effect of mercury on the sea bottom dwellers near the power plant were calculated. Analysis results showed that: 1) mercury content in sediment zone of ≥1℃ temperature rise was significantly higher than that of ＜1℃ waters in thermal discharge waters; 2) The monitoring results showed that: the mercury rate increased year by year in the desulfurization system; 3) The THg of benthos(oyster ) near the power plant was 0.488 mg?Kg-1 by calculating with literature data. In order to reduce the risk of mercury exposure, we suggested that the mercury in FGD thermal discharge waters must not eceed 0.110 μg/L.

Characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen in aquaculture water of Shuikou reservoir in Fujian Province

2015, 37(5):  371-377. 

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Monthly samplings (15 selected sites) were determined regularly from March 2014 to February 2015 to study the characteristics of spatial and temporal distributions of water nitrogen in main aquaculture reservoir of Shuikou. The results indicated that the concentrations of TN,NH3-N,NO2-N in main aquaculture reservoir of Shuikou were averaged at 1.38～2.15 mg/L, 0.24～0.53 mg/L and 0.03～0.06 mg/L. The concentrations of nitrogen in different forms were influenced obviously by seasons. The total nitrogen concentration was higher in winter. In addition to the Taiping aquaculture reservoir, the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen were higher in spring and ranged at 0.466~ 0.596 mg/L. The variations in nitrite nitrogen concentration were small, ranged at 0.009 ~ 0.031 mg/L. There has a certain correlation on nitrogen in different forms at different aquaculture reservoir areas. Total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen had no significant correlation in Xiongjiang and Taiping. Negative correlation between total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen was found only in aquaculture water of Huantian and Wankou. The negative correlation between ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen was significant in Youxikou.

Determination of quinolones in aquatic products by HPLC and HPLC-MS/MS: a comparison of the two methods

wu chengye

2015, 37(5):  378-385. 

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Quinolones which have demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against many pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria are effective antibacterial drugs widely used against various important diseases of livestock and farmed fish. The European Union has established maximum residue limits (MRL) for quinolone residues in animal tissues because of growing problem of microbial resistance. Thus, the establishment of effective detection methods is required in order to control these drugs. Many papers have been published about the analysis of quinolone residues in animal products. High performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method (HPLC-MS/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method which are generally used were applied respectively to detect norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin in aquatic products because of their specificity, sensitivity, rapidity and robustness. The purpose of this paper was to select the suitable analytical method according to the requirement. The two methods had their own characteristics and were compared with regard to the detection limit, linear range, recovery, precision and influence factors of detection. Paired measurements were also applied to the analysis of commercially available 22 aquatic products. HPLC results were evaluated by comparison with the HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The results showed that compared with HPLC, the detection sensitivity of HPLC-MS/MS was higher. The use of HPLC-MS/MS could realize rapid, sensitive and accurate detection. HPLC results compared with HPLC-MS/MS data showed to underestimate enrofloxacin content of about 2% and a correlation coefficient of 0.969 was calculated between the two methods. HPLC method is simple and rapid, and its performance could meet the requirements of the domestic and international legislation. HPLC analytical method which is provided for basic food safety inspection agencies in the routine analysis is suitable for preliminary screening of quinolones, while HPLC-MS/MS could be a more accurate quantitative determination method for measuring quinolones content in aquatic products for the reason that detailed structure information is provided by mass spectrometry.

The deviation of the Lambert-Bill law from determination of NO3－-N, NO2－-N in surface water by spectrophotometry

2015, 37(5):  386-391. 

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Based on the problems of the determination of the NO3－-N, NO2－-N in surface water by spectrophotometry, this paper discussed the causes of deviation from Lambert-Beer law (whether the curve correlation coefficient, R2 was deviated from “1”) on the operation level. The results were listed below: (1) In order to reduce the instrument reading error, we may adjust the solution concentrations, changed the cuvette length and optimize the wavelength to fit the absorbance range; (2) The main infect factors were the deviation between actual value and theory value of the standard solution concentration. The accuracy of the working solution volume and dilution volume were the main factors, and the later may affect more. It can be resolved through the calibration of the capacity instrument, including volume correction and weighing correction.

Factory artificial breeding technology of Crassostrea angulata

2015, 37(5):  399-405. 

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This paper reports the factory artificial breeding technology of Crassostrea angulata, which including parent shellfish ripening, bait cultivation, larvae and juvenile cultivation. Results were listed as follows: fertilized egg diameter of Crassostrea angulata was about 60 μm; under the temperature of 25.3℃, salinity of 26.5 and pH8.2 conditions, fertilized egg would developed into a D-shaped larvae after 16 hours; and larvae would developed into metamorphosis periond after 14~21 days. In the process of larvae cultivation, we used Isochrysis galbana, Chlorella vulgaris, Chaeroeeros moelleri and Skeletonema costatum as bait feeding, and fed Platymonas subcordiformis in the process of juvenile cultivation. The study also analysed the effect of using polypropylene plastic as seedling attaching device. selected the suitable environmental condition of Crassostrea angulata fertilized egg hatching and larval growth. Meanwhile, we studied the seedling effect test with different bait feeding and different seedling attaching device.

Effects of delayed initial feeding on foraging、growth and survival of Acrossocheilius hemispinus larvae

2015, 37(5):  392-398. 

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The effects of delayed initial feeding on foraging, growth and survival development of Acrossocheilius hemispinus larvae were investigated in the 25.4℃~29.5℃ of temperature using experimental ecological method. The results showed that: In the opening day, feeding and delayed feeding of 1~12 D, the rate respectively is 0, 33.33%, 100% (6~11 days), 85.71%, 76.92%, 46.67% and 28.57% after the feeding of larvae feeding within 3 h, While the delayed feeding 12 D larval feeding rate was 0; The highest initial feeding rate of larval emergence at 6~11 days of age, and larvae of PNR occurred at 14 days of age. It showed that the larval have strong ability of tolerance hunger performance which with feeding ability is about 11 D; It has no significant difference (P>0.05) delayed feeding of 0~2 D for 30 days of age larvae, but has significant difference with other groups of larvae (P<0.05); Larval survival rate reached 100% which delayed feeding for 0~5 D, but the survival rate decreased rapidly which delayed for more than 7 D, and larval survival rate was 0 when delayed feeding for 9 D. Considering the comprehensive performance of feeding, growth and survival, the fit time to feed the larvae is within 2 D after opening.

Study on winter fattening of single-seed Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata) in semi-closed ponds

Qi Jianfei Qi-Sheng WU

2015, 37(5):  406-410. 

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In order to improve the quality of single-seed Portuguese oyster（Crassostrea angulata）, a fattening experiment was carried out in winter. The experiment set up 4 treatments: 3 indoor ponds treatments (water temperature was 24 ℃, 20 ℃ and 16 ℃) and a semi-closed pond treatment. The food for indoor ponds treatments was the semi-closed pond water with natural algae. The results showed that: after a month of fattening, the meat condition of single-seed oyster in outdoor semi-closed pond was increased from an average of 13.1% to 19.6%, and the proportion of full gonad mature individuals increased from 13.3% to 66.7%. However, indoor concrete ponds treatments had no significant changed. The glycogen was increased in semi-closed pond treatment, while decreased in indoor ponds treatments. This shows that fattening in semi-closed pond for single-seed Portuguese oyster was more effective.

A preliminary test on fatness ratio of Callista chinensis in earth pond

2015, 37(5):  411-414. 

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In this paper, selecting Callista chinensis as the research object, we studied the annual fatness change of Callista Chinensis cultured in earth ponds from April 2012 to March 2013. The results of the study showed that Callista Chinensis had a fatness peak per year which appeared between June and September ,and the fatness ratio was between 60%～80%. The lowest value of annual fatness appeared from November to April next year and the fatness ratio was between 47%～55%. According to the trait of the annual change of the meat condition, we can conclude that Callista chinensis in a year has one breeding period that is from June to August.

Biologically Active Substances from Sea Urchin Test, Spines and Pedicellaria: chemical components, biological activities and pharmaceutical significance

2015, 37(5):  415-425. 

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Marine natural products vary from small molecules to high molecular weight proteins and display unique chemical and biological features of scientific interest. Many of these substances can serve as useful research tools or molecular models for the design of new drugs. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the following biologically active components isolated and characterized from the test, spines and pedicellaria of sea urchin: naphthoquinone pigments, benzoquinone pigment; carotenoid, ion channel-targeted proteins, anticancer and immunologically active proteins. Other topics covered include the use of bioinformatics analysis in investigating protein profiling and the application of sea urchin test and spines in traditional Chinese medicine.

Advances of the abalone viscera substances and biological activity

2015, 37(5):  426-432. 

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Abalone viscera were accounted for nearly 1/3 of the weight of abalone. With the increase of production of abalone and the rapid development of processing industry, the abalone viscera reutilizing had become an urgent problem for the processing enterprises. Abalone viscera mainly contained polysaccharides, glycoproteins, peptides, amino acids, fatty acids, etc. Directly discard would waste resources and pollute the environment, so recycled abalone viscera and high-value utilized had important meaning for increasing the comprehensive economic benefit of aquatic product processing enterprises. In this paper, abalone viscera active constituents extraction, isolation, purification, structure identification and function research were summarized and concluded, and provided the theoretical basis for the further research of the abalone viscera active substances in food, health care, medicine and other fields.