Table of Content

25 December 2015, Volume 37 Issue 6

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Observation on the embryonic development of Changfeng silver carp

2015, 37(6):  441-446. 

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The embryonic development characteristics of Changfeng silver carp were studied at the water temperature （24±1） ℃. The results showed that the fully mature eggs were spherical, semi-floating and （1.55 ± 0.05）mm in diameter. After water absorption, the egg membrane swelled, the average egg diameter was（5.10 ± 0.40) mm and without oil globule. It took （28.5±1.0） h from fertilization to hatching-out with the average accumulative temperature of（685.0 ± 62.3） ℃?h. The cleavage of fertilized eggs of Changfeng silver carp has belonged to discoidal cleavage. The embryonic development process could be divided into 7 stages, including fertilized egg stage, cell division stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, neurula stage, organ formation stage and hatching stage. They contained eighteen developing phases, whose characteristics were described in detail.

Research on quality control of canned mackerel for export basing on HACCP system

2015, 37(6):  478-484. 

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To ensure quality and safety of canned mackerel products, the paper applying HACCP principles, through hazards analysis of physical, chemical, biological factors in the processing, the following five critical control points were established: raw materials acceptance, sealing, sterilizing, cooling and package/ID checking. Besides, critical limits, monitoring procedure and corrective action were established. The total quality control system from raw materials acceptance to end products package was constructed. Practice shows, after the implementation of the HACCP system, pathogen of canned mackerel products is 0, botulinum toxin is 0, mackerel toxin (histamine) is 30 mg /kg, in line with the food hygiene requirements of export canned aquatic products. Thus HACCP system can effectively guarantee the quality and safety of export canned mackerel end products.

Analysis of development status and suggestions of aquatic seed industry in China

Kun-huang Han

2015, 37(6):  495-501. 

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As the development of the modern fishery industry, aquatic seed industry is the prime element of production and basic core industry, it is the important material foundation to make sure the effective supply of the fishery product. It’s the upstream and priority in the development of aquaculture. This paper describes the current status of aquaculture seed industry in China, analyses the important function of scientific and technological innovation, construction of original and fineness species system, and government-industry-university institute collaboration which plays an important role in the development of aquatic seed industry. However, aquatic seed industry is still confronted with some problems and restricting factors which may have been faced to, it also still need to deepen the basic research, strengthen the disease prevention and control network, and improve the commercial breeding mechanism and increase the efforts to germplasm resources protection and development, and so on. At the last, this paper expounds that the engineering, systematic and standardized breeding mechanism will be the latest development trends of the modern aquatic seed industry, and some countermeasures and suggestions of the aquatic seed industry may provide basic data for the aquatic seed industry development.

With palladium nitrate as matrix modifier - graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry determination of Pb in aquatic products

2015, 37(6):  447-451. 

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The detection of Pb, which is volatile and difficult to determine, needs to choose a suitable matrix modifier by graphite furnace atomic absorption method. The paper compared the application effect between palladium nitrate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. After adding palladium nitrate, ashing temperature could reach 1 100℃, while adding ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ashing temperature only could reach 900℃. With palladium nitrate as matrix modifier, using continuous automatic sample longitudinal buckle Zee man background atomic absorption method to determine Pb content in aquatic products, 10.00~50.00 μg/L had good linear range and R2 was more than 0.9900, the average relative standard deviation was 3.7%, recovery rate was 106.8%. Palladium nitrate comparing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate could improve the efficiency of ashing temperature and atomization,and had good application effect. It concluded that this method was wide linear range, high sensitivity, stable and reliable accuracy, and had the strong promotion of value.

Accelerate the development of loach industry and achieve the transformation of fishery development way

2015, 37(6):  502-506. 

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Loach is an important freshwater aquaculture species with high nutritional value and healthy function, which can increase fishing revenue and export to earn foreign exchange. Some areas have formed a scale breeding industry, which obtains remarkable economic benefits, such as Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangdong provinces. Fujian province has the unique advantages of loach industry, on the basis of superior natural conditions, mature technical conditions and good market conditions. During the development process of loach industry, the breeding environment, seedling quality, disease control, product development and industry standards ought to be considered overall.

Preparation of modified oyster shell powder and the adsorption of Cd2+ in water

Yong-Chang SU wu chengye

2015, 37(6):  460-470. 

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Sodium dodecyl sulfonate was added to the oyster shell powder aqueous solution and SDS-oyster shell powder was prepared. Orthogonal experiment was carried out to explore the best modification process, FTIR、SEM、EDS and adsorption kinetics of Cd2+ were researched. The results showed the best modified condition of oyster shell powder was: SDS 15% of oyster shell powder, modified time was 120 min, temperature was 60℃, modification pH value was 7. FTIR, SEM and EDS spectrum indicated that the modification was successful. The kinetics research showed that the adsorption of Cd2+ was conformed to the pseudo-second-order equation.

Effects of several environmental factors on the embryonic development of undulated surf clam, Paphia undulata

2015, 37(6):  435-440. 

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Effects of heavy metal ions, temperature, salinity on the embryonic development of undulated surf clam, Paphia undulate were studied by using the method of experimental ecology, the main results were shown as follows: 1)four kinds of heavy metal ions showed an obvious inhibitory effect on embryos. The four metals were arranged as Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+ >Pb2+ in order of toxicity, and the EC50 values of four kinds of metal ions were 83.29, 184.32, 230.00, 239.04 ng/mL, respectively; 2) The optimum temperature and salinity for embryonic development were 24~30℃ and 27~33 respectively, while the best ones were 30℃ and 30 respectively. These results would provide a technological basis for the artificial seedling of the undulated surf clam.

Preparation process of tilapia fish scale collagen oligopeptide

2015, 37(6):  471-477. 

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Tilapia scale is one of the by-products of tilapia machining process. There are about 4× 104 tons of tilapia scales every year around the whole world. Though the yield of tilapia scale is very considerable, it has not been fully utilized. Tilapia scale is a dominant raw material in extracting protein and it is conducive to the realization of the aim of turning waste into treasure. Enzymes are biological macromolecules having biocatalyst functions，which generally consist of amino acid, so most of them are protein essentially. Enzymes have some characters, such as high efficiency, specificity and instability. Therefore, different enzymes must be selected for specific raw material, the optimal hydrolysis conditions need to be researched. Enzyme dosage, hydrolysis time, substrate concentrations and hydrolysis temperature are the main factors which play important roles on hydrolysis effect. Collagen peptides emerging as a new functional protein ingredient were developing rapidly in domestic and abroad in recent years. In order to investigate the theory for deeper research of tilapia scale, the optimum extracting conditions of collagen peptides from tilapia scale were carefully and comprehensively studied in this paper. Scale was processed by washing, acid leaching, and alkaline leaching. Then collagen was extracted by using boiled water to incubate for 2 hours. Tilapia fish scale collagen protein was hydrolyzed by enzyme and hydrolysis degree of hydrolyzed liquid was detected. The optimal enzyme was selected in the norm of the hydrolysis degree of hydrolyzed liquid, and then the influences of enzyme dosage, hydrolysis time, substrate concentrations and hydrolysis temperature on hydrolysis degree were studied. Based on the single factor experiment results, orthogonal experiments were carried out to research the optimal hydrolysis conditions. The results showed that: in the conditions of enzyme dosage 6 000 U/g, hydrolysis time 8 h, substrate concentrations 5%, hydrolysis temperature 50℃, the hydrolysis degree of tilapia scale collagen protein peptides reached a maximum value, which was 24.23%, and the molecular weight of the 82.40% sample was less than 1000 Da.

Species composition and quantity distribution of fish larvae and juveniles in coastal area of Minzhong fishery in spring and summer

2015, 37(6):  452-459. 

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The surveys of species composition and distribution of fish larvae and juveniles were carried out in coastal area of Minzhong fishery in spring and summer of 2015. The results showed that there were 2 879 fish larvae and juveniles which were identified to 80 species, 45 families, and 9 orders (excluding 2 undefined species). There were more fish larvae and juveniles and species in summer, and species varied greatly between two seasons. The indexes of species richness, diversity and evenness were higher in summer, and that showed the community structure of fish larvae and juveniles was more stable in summer. The dominant species were Stolephorus sp. and Liza haematocheila in spring，and Polydactylus sextarius and Iniistius dea in summer. Compared with the past, species changed evidently, and larvae and juveniles of traditional economic fishes such as Engraulis japonicas,Decapterus maruadsi,Pneumatophorus japonicus and Trichiurus haumela decreased or vanished, and all that might be related to the variations in fishery resources and environmental conditions.

Research progress in ink sac melanin from the cephalopods

2015, 37(6):  507-512. 

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When we processed cephalopod, large amounts of byproducts were produced, most of which have been dumped as waste or processed into feed, causing huge waste of resources. The ink sac in byproducts accounts for about 1.3% of the total weight of cephalopod. In this paper, the physiochemical properties of the ink sac melanin from cephalopod were analysed firstly. And some common extraction methods of ink sac melanin, including high speed centrifugation method, acid or alkaline hydrolysis method, enzyme hydrolysis method and alkali solution-acid isolation method were introduced. Furthermore, the bioactivities of ink sac melanin, such as enhancing immunity, antitumor activity, antioxidant activity were reviewed. All in all, the exploration of ink sac melanin would provide reference for high value application of the cephalopod ink sac and the development of marine medicine.