循环水养殖模式对凡纳滨对虾养殖水质及生长性能的影响

doi:10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2023.03.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

试验以平均体质量(2.39±0.20)g凡纳滨对虾为放养对象,设置循环水养殖组(RAG)和传统工厂化养殖组(IAG),每组3个重复;放养密度为750尾/m³,盐度18;养殖期为2022年7月23日至9月10日,为期50 d。通过分析循环水养殖模式下的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能及其水质指标差异,探究循环水养殖模式在养殖生产上的可行性。结果显示,RAG平均水温显著高于IAG(P<0.05),溶解氧浓度较IAG高2.45%;养殖期RAG氨氮极显著低于IAG(P<0.01),系统成熟稳定(12 d)后亚硝态氮较IAG低24.29%;RAG虽成活率较IAG低2.17%,但收获个体质量、单位水体产量、特定生长率、增重率均高于IAG;RAG的摄食率和饵料系数低于IAG,但未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05),各组的特定生长率与几何平均体质量均表现出显著的负相关关系(P<0.05)。综合表明,循环水养殖模式可有效控制关键水质因子指标并使其处于较低水平,对节约水资源及保护环境具有重要作用。此外,在养殖生产实践中,循环水养殖模式对凡纳滨对虾的生长及产量提高也具有一定的促进作用,具备较强的可行性。

关键词: 凡纳滨对虾, 循环水, 工厂化, 水质, 生长性能

Abstract:

By analyzing the growth performance and water quality index differences of Litopenaeus vannamei under the recirculating aquaculture mode,the feasibility of the recirculating aquaculture mode in the aquaculture production was explored.The initial body mass of L.vannamei was (2.39±0.20) g.In this study,a recirculating aquaculture group (RAG) and a traditional industrial aquaculture group (IAG) were set up,with 3 replicates in each group.750 individuals of L.vannamei were stocked per cubic meter,and the salinity of the cultured water was 18.The aquaculture period was from July 23 to September 10,2022,lasting for 50 days.The results showed that the average water temperature of RAG was significantly higher than that of IAG (P<0.05),and the dissolved oxygen was 2.45% higher than that of IAG.The ammonia nitrogen of RAG was significantly lower than that of IAG during the culture period (P<0.01),and the nitrite nitrogen was 24.29% lower than that of IAG after the system matured and stabilized (12 days).Although the survival rate of RAG was 2.17% lower than that of IAG,but the final body mass,unit yield,specific growth rate and weight gain rate were all higher than those of IAG.The feeding rate and feed conversion rate of RAG were lower than those of IAG,but did not show significant difference (P>0.05),and the specific growth rate and geometric mean mass of each group showed a significant negative correlation (P<0.05).The comprehensive results showed that the recirculating aquaculture mode could effectively control the key water quality factor indicators at a low level,which played an important role in water resource conservation and environmental protection.In addition,in the practice of aquaculture production,the growth and production of L.vannamei could also be promoted to a certain extent,and this model had strong feasibility.

Key words: Litopenaeus vannamei, recirculating aquaculture, industrial aquaculture, water quality, growth performance

中图分类号:

S968.22

牛江波, 吴赵军, 李亚松, 康秋平, 徐波, 郭兵, 蒋礼平, 宋向果, 梁勤朗. 循环水养殖模式对凡纳滨对虾养殖水质及生长性能的影响[J]. 渔业研究, 2023, 45(3): 287-296.

NIU Jiangbo, WU Zhaojun, LI Yasong, KANG Qiuping, XU Bo, GUO Bing, JIANG Liping, SONG Xiangguo, LIANG Qinlang. Effects of recirculating aquaculture model on water quality and growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei[J]. Journal of Fisheries Research, 2023, 45(3): 287-296.

图/表 9

图1 养殖期间水温与溶解氧浓度变化

Fig.1 Change of water temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration during breeding

图2 养殖期间pH与总碱度浓度变化

Fig.2 Change of pH and total alkalinity concentration during breeding

图3 养殖期间水质理化指标变化

Fig.3 Change of physical and chemical indices of water quality during breeding

图4 养殖过程悬浮物变化注:*表示显著差异(P<0.05) ;**表示极显著差异(P<0.01)。以下同此。

Fig.4 Change of suspended solids during breeding Notes: * indicated significant difference (P<0.05);**indicated extremely significant difference (P<0.01).Thesame as below.

图5 凡纳滨对虾生长曲线

Fig.5 The growth performance of L. vannamei

表1 不同养殖模式凡纳滨对虾养殖情况比较

Tab.1 Comparison of L.vannamei culture in different culture model

指标 Parameters	组别Groups
指标 Parameters	循环水养殖组 Recirculating aquaculture group	工厂化养殖组 Industrial aquaculture group
放苗尾数/ (尾/池) Seedling number/ (ind/pond)	13 500	13 500
放养个体质量/g Initial mass	2.42±0.30	2.36±0.08
单位水体放养量/(kg/m³)Initial density	1.81±0.23	1.77±0.06
收获个体质量/g Final mass	15.70±1.02	14.82±0.41
单位水体产量/(kg/m³)Output density	10.39±0.31	10.32±0.17
成活率/% Survival rate	95.87±0.67	97.95±0.21^*

图6 凡纳滨对虾特定生长率和增重率

Fig.6 Specific growth rate and weight gain rate of L. vannamei

图7 凡纳滨对虾特定生长率和几何平均体质量关系

Fig.7 Relationship between geometric mean mass and specific growth rate of L. vannamei

图8 凡纳滨对虾摄食率和饵料系数

Fig.8 Feeding ratio and feed coefficient ratio of L. vannamei

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