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    26 April 2021, Volume 43 Issue 2
    Research on development quality measurement and regional difference of Chinese recreational fishery
    2021, 43(2):  111-120.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.02.001
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    Based on the connotation and extension of the quality of economic development, the present study built an index system for the quality of recreational fishery development, adopted the comprehensive index method to measure the quality of recreational fishery development in 29 provinces of China from 2009 to 2018, and used the Gini coefficient (Gini coefficient) ), Theil index (GE1) and the mean logarithmic deviation (GE0) to comprehensively measure the regional differences and evolution trends of the development quality of recreational fishery. The present study found that: There was an obvious regional difference in the development quality of recreational fishery in China, which was manifested as a gradient decline from coastal to inland areas. The regional differences in the quality of recreational fishery in the middle reaches were relatively large, while the regional differences in the provinces at both ends were relatively small, and the regional differences generally tend to shrink gradually. The largest difference was in the central region, followed by the west, and the smallest in the east, showing an inverted "U" shape. After 2015, the differences in the quality of recreational fishery development in the three major regions showed a clear pattern of differentiation. The intra-regional differences in the east, central, and west were the main factors affecting the regional differences in the quality of recreational fishery development in China.

    Analysis on the status and protection of juvenile fish resources in the coastal waters of Zhoushan in spring and autumn
    2021, 43(2):  121-132.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.02.002
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    Based on the data of fishery resources survey in the coastal waters of Zhoushan Islands in November 2015 (autumn) and May 2016 (spring), the index of relative importance, clumping index and probability of interspecific encounter were used to measure and analyze the collected fish species, focusing on the proportion of juvenile fish of major fish species (IRI>100), and estimating the fishery resources in the investigated sea area according to the density of fishery resources. The results showed that there were 11 species of major fish species in spring, including 3 dominant species: Sebastiscus marmoratus, Collichthys lucidus and Amblychaeturichthys hexanema. There were 6 species of major fish species in autumn, while only Harpodon nehereus was dominant fish, indicating that the high-intensity fishing effort after the end of the fishing moratorium will consume fishery resources in a short period of time. There were differences in the fishery resources and the proportion of juvenile fishes in spring and autumn. The fishery resources in autumn were higher, while the proportion of juvenile fishes was lower, and the maintenance effect of short-term temporary maintenance during the summer fishing moratorium was obvious. The results of clumping index and probability of interspecific encounter were consistent, which indicated that the community dominance was higher, the species distribution density and species association degree were higher, and the population aggregation was obvious. The study concluded that the protection of marine fishery resources and the sustainable development of the marine fishing industry should give priority to protect juvenile fish resources in order to increase fishery production and restore coastal fishing grounds.

    Diversity analysis of nekton in the offshore waters of Hainan Island in spring and autumn
    2021, 43(2):  133-142.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.02.003
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    Based on the bottom trawling data of two cruises in the offshore waters of Hainan Island in April and September 2017, the species composition and community characteristics of the nekton in this area were analyzed. The results showed that there were 215 species of the nekton, belonging to 23 orders, 97 families and 153 genera. The mean biomass of fishery resources in spring and autumn were 751.61 kg/km2 and 1 426.03 kg/km2, respectively. The average values of Shannon-Wiener species diversity index H′ in spring and autumn were 3.44 and 3.63, respectively, and the average values of Margalef species richness index D in spring and autumn were 4.38 and 5.29, respectively. The average values of Pielou species evenness index (J′) in spring and autumn were 0.68 and 0.69, respectively. The dominant species were Acropoma japonicum, Trachurus japonicus, Squilla oratoria and Portunus argentatus. In spring, the dominant species showed miniaturization and low quality, and in autumn, the proportion of economic species increased. The results of ABC curve and W value showed that the community of the nekton was in a serious disturbance state and the community structure was not stable.

    The survey of freshwater mollusks in Jianxi River from Fengle in Xundun to Shuixiqiao in Jian’ou
    2021, 43(2):  143-152.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.02.004
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    Freshwater mollusks in Jianxi River from Fengle in Xundun to Shuixiqiao in Jian’ou were surveyed from January to December in 2018. The results showed that 24 species were identified and they belonged to 8 families and 13 genera. The dominant species were Bellamya aeruginosa Reeve, Bellamya purificata Heude, Rivularia auriculata Martens, Corbicula fluminea Müller and Semisulcospira cancellata Benson. The shell length and the wet weight relationship equations showed these five dominant species were all negative allometric growth. The average density and biomass were (4.59?4.47) ind/m2 and (5.219?3.623) g/m2 and the spatial distribution of density and biomass were positively correlated with the distance to dam. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the density and biomass among different sites were significantly different (P<0.05) and the seasonal distribution of density showed no significant difference (P>0.05) but significantly different in biomass (P<0.05). The community diversities were low. Margalef index,Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index showed no significant difference among seasons (P>0.05). The invasive species such as Pomacea canaliculata were found in the site of Shangxikou. Compared with other rivers such as Ganjiang River, Qiantang River and Huaihe River, the number of species, density, biomass and the diversity were low. So it is suggested that relevant departments should strengthen the protection of freshwater mollusks resources and habitats, as well as the dynamic monitoring and control of invasive species.
    Effects of illumination and photoperiod on the development of Kjellmaniella crassifolia Miyabe gametophytes
    2021, 43(2):  153-159.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.02.005
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    The development of Kjellmaniella crassifolia Miyabe gametophytes were tested under different illumination and photoperiod under laboratory conditions. The results indicated that the illumination and photoperiod had significant effects on the development rate of K.crassifolia Miyabe gametophytes (P<0.05). The results indicated that: 1) The optimum condition for the development of gametophytes was 20~40 μmol·m-2s-1 under the condition of different light intensity. The development rate was about 60%~80% and the reproductive growth was significantly faster than that of other groups. 2) Under the conditions of different photoperiod, the growth rate was 6.68%~69.87% under the condition of 20L∶ 4D at the 12th~25th day of culture. The development rate was not significantly different from that of the 16L∶8D experimental group, but significantly higher than that of other groups. The development rate (74.54%) was the highest and the number of sporozoite cells was the most in the treatment group of 20L∶4D. This research could provide reference information and data for the amplification cultivation and seedlings of K. crassifolia Miyabe gametophytes.
    Effects of lighting conditions on the growth performance and culture environment of GIFT Tilapia (GIFT Oreochromis niloticus)
    2021, 43(2):  160-166.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.02.006
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    In the present study, we investigated the effects of lighting conditions on the growth performance, water chemistry and culture environment of GIFT Tilapia (GIFT Oreochromis niloticus). The concrete tanks covered by 13 mm thick red building template was used as the treat group (Group T) under low lighting conditions, and the concrete tanks not covered by template was used as the control group (Group C) under natural lighting conditions. Each group was set with 3 repetitions and 6 concrete tanks were used in total. During the experiment, the method of adding oxygen with the diameter of 70 cm nano disc bottom was used. During the whole experimental period, water temperature (WT) and dissolved oxygen (DO) were monitored continuously. The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen consumption (CODMn) and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) were measured by weekly sampling. Commercial compound feed was used to feed tilapia, while the total amount of compound feed was recorded, and the growth index of tilapia was measured at the initial and final of the experiment. The results showed that the survival rate, growth performance and feed coefficient of tilapia was not significantly affected by lighting conditions during the 56 day experiment, while the water quality was significantly affected by the lighting conditions, especially the water temperature, chlorophyll a and CODMn. Therefore, it is more necessary to adjust the water quality of tilapia culture in low light indoor environment, and the bio-floc culture mode may be a new breakthrough because of its advantages of bacteria community stability, not causing the change of pH in water, and not limited by light conditions.

    Effect of water quality and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus by Oreochroms mossambcus- Ipomoea aquatica symbiosis system
    2021, 43(2):  167-174.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.02.007
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    The regulation of water quality in aquaculture ponds that controlling factors of aquaculture, is also an inevitable requirement for achieving high-quality development of fishery. According to the problems on water quality of intensive tilapia culture systems in the northwest inland, China, this research aimed to examine the water quality impact of aquaponics system. We constructed an Oreochroms mossambcus-Ipomoea aquatica symbiosis system in Midong County, Urumqi. This system used floating bed for removing nitrogen and phosphorus, while each floating bed area was 4.32 m2 (360 cm×120 cm). This research used floating bed 96, about 415 m2, which account for 8.3% of tilapia culture pond area. The research time was 126 days (May 18~September 20, 2017). The results were showed as compared with the control group, the Oreochroms mossambcus-Ipomoea aquatica symbiosis system significantly decreased the pH, total phosphorus (TP) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) in aquaculture ponds (P<0.05), the content of total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N) showed an increasing tendency to decline than control group with significant differences (P<0.05). Symbiosis system could increase the utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus by 13.5% and 6.4%, significantly decrease pollutants discharge coefficient (P<0.05) and increase discharge standard of aquaculture wastewater, that had no effect on fish growth. Therefore, aquaponics system can be used to control the water quality of ponds in the northwest China.

    Method to estimate and control the nitrogen and phosphorus exports in the Jiulong River-Xiamen Bay continuum
    2021, 43(2):  175-182.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.02.008
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    The nutrient exports including nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) within Jiulong River-Xiamen Bay continuum were preliminarily estimated during 2011—2020. The factors which might have a negative impact on the water quality were identified after analyzing the spatial-temporal pattern of nutrient exports. The results showed that the exports of N and P from Jiulong River might decrease recent years while the nutrient exports were still too high to reduce eutrophication within Jiulong River-Xiamen Bay continuum. Anthropogenic activities including livestock breeding and fertilizers application might be the major factors that influence nutrient exports in this area. Specifically, the N export in the North River was the highest and P export in the West River was the highest while the nutrient exports in the South River were always low within the Jiulong River Watershed in the year 2018. The nutrient exports might be controlled by the runoff of the river reach as well as the different pattern of anthropogenic activities. This study proposed a method to estimate and control of nutrient exports in the Jiulong River-Xiamen Bay continuum, providing significant insights into water management for local government.

    Prediction of the influence of new cage culture pollutants on the seawater quality
    2021, 43(2):  183-192.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.02.009
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    Xiangshan Harbor is the most important breeding harbor in Ningbo City. Cage culture brings rich economic benefits, but also produces a large number of breeding pollutants. Taking a new Larimichthys crocea cage culture base in Xiangshan Harbor as an example, this paper used Delft3D two-dimensional convection diffusion model to predict the impact of pollutants in the culture wastewater on the sea water quality. The results showed that the concentration increment of the three pollutants produced by the new L. crocea cage culture was all higher in the cage culture point, and the pollutants outside the cage moved rapidly with the tide, while the concentration increment decreased. Due to the small scale and short time, the impact of the pollutants on the water quality of Xiangshan Harbor was not significant. However, as the active phosphate and inorganic nitrogen in Xiangshan Harbor have exceeded the standard, it is still necessary to strictly evaluate the pollutant emission concentration of the newly added cage culture, effectively protect the marine environment of Xiangshan Harbor, and promote the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry in the sea area. This paper provided a reference for the prediction of the newly added cage culture pollutants.

    Study on tagging of the fat greenling using T-bar tags
    2021, 43(2):  193-199.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.02.010
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    Fat greenling, Hexagrammoso takii (average length of 5, 8 and 11 cm) were tagged with three kinds of T-bar tags (T1, T2, T3). The survival rate, tag-shedding rate, swimming and feeding behavior, growth performance of fat greenling juveniles post tagging were observed and recorded. Based on these data, we determined the suitable T-bar tag for fat greenling juveniles at different size. The results showed that fat greenling juveniles with total length less than 5 cm were not suitable for tagged releasing; the T1 tags were suitable for fat greenling juveniles with average length of 8 cm with tag-shedding rate of 4.83%, survival rate of 97.17%; the T1 and T2 tags were suitable for fat greenling juveniles with average length of 11 cm with tag-shedding rate of 2.00% and 5.67%, survival rate of 100% and 95.83%. In June 2017, the experiment of tagged releasing was carried out in Yantai offshore, using the fat greenling juveniles with T1 tags, and achieved good tagging results.

    Assessment of the impact of summer fishing moratorium in the offshore fishing grounds of Hainan Island based on landing survey
    2021, 43(2):  200-206.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.02.011
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    According to the data of landing survey of 898 fishing vessels in the six fishing port of Hainan Island in 2015 before and after the summer fishing moratorium (SFM), in order to evaluate the SFM in the South China Sea on the recovery of fishery resources, the catch indexes before and after SFM were compared. The results showed the following: 1) Both light purse seining and single bottom trawl were the main fishing types in the offshore fishing grounds of Hainan Island before and after SFM, accounting for 36.18% and 43.67% of the total output of fishing vessels, respectively. 2) After SFM, the average CPUE of light purse seining, single bottom trawl, gill net and Hooking vessels increased by 41.14%, 20.85%, 7.86% and 33.73%, while the CPUE of commercial species increased by 19.06%. 3) The proportion of total catch of the main economic species increased by 10.07% after SFM, while the Cephalopods and Family Sparidae became the main economic species. 4) The average daily output and output value of different types of fishing vessels were significantly different before and after SFM (P<0.05), and the average growth rates were 14.92% and 49.55%, respectively. To sum up, the implementation of the SFM could improve the status of fishery resources and increase the efficiency of fishing production in the offshore fishing grounds of Hainan Island.

    Effects of NaCl concentration on Percocypris pingi spermatozoa vitality
    2021, 43(2):  207-211.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.02.012
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    In order to understand the physiological characteristics of sperm of Percocypris pingi, the variation of the sperm vitality of P. pingi in different NaCl concentration conditions was observed in this study. The results indicated that: the sperm of P. pingi could be activated in the solution with the concentrations of NaCl ranged from 0% to 0.65%. When the NaCl concentration was 0.35%, the P. pingi spermatozoa intense exercise time and the lifespan were (66.33±7.99) s and (635.66±95.78) s, respectively. At this concentration, the life-span was significantly longer than the sperm activated in the other treatment groups (P<0.01). The time of intense exercise was longer than the sperm activated in the 0.60% group and 0.65% group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference with the other treatment groups. When the concentration of NaCl exceeded 0.35%, the activity of sperm decreased and the life span was shortened. The spermatozoa could not be activated when the concentration of NaCl solution exceeded 0.70%. This study would provide reference for sperm preservation of the P. pingi.

    Optimization of process formula of Nemipterus virgatus fish sausage
    2021, 43(2):  212-220.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.02.013
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    Because of the delicate meat quality, rich protein content, as well as the good elasticity and whiteness of fish meat, Nemipterus virgatus is one of the main raw materials for processing surimi and surimi products. In order to obtain the N. virgatus fish sausage with good quality and flavor, the process formula of N. virgatus fish sausage were optimized according to the three main factors: surimi, starch and fat by single factor and orthogonal test, combined with modern flavor evaluation technology (electronic nose technology), taking the sensory evaluation and gel strength value as an index. The results showed that when surimi, starch and fat were added at 62.0 g, 4.0 g and 10.0 g, respectively, the overall score of gel strength and sensory evaluation was the highest. The best formula for the N. virgatus fish sausage were as follows: 62.0 g surimi, 4.0 g starch, 10.0 g fat, 3.5 g sugar, 2.0 g salt, 5.0 g soybean protein, 0.2 g monosodium glutamate, 0.3 g I & g, and 10.0 g water. The fish sausage made by this process had good quality, good flavor and taste. The present study could provide some reference value for the development of new low fat fish sausage.

    Research progress of response mechanism of algae to temperature stress at home and abroad
    2021, 43(2):  221-230.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.02.014
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    Temperature is an important ecological factor affecting the growth and quality of algae. It is of great significance to study the response mechanism of algae to the temperature stress for the expansion of algae culture and cultivation of new varieties. In this paper, the response mechanism of algae to the temperature stress was summarized from the aspects of photosynthetic system, antioxidant system, osmoregulation substances, signal transduction system, heat shock protein and transcription factors. The application and prospect of "omics" and gene editing technology in the study of stress resistance mechanism of algae were introduced.