Table of Content

26 October 2020, Volume 41 Issue 5

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Application of DNA barcoding based on CO I gene in phylogenetic classification of Sciaenidae

2019, 41(5):  359-365. 

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To study the applicability of DNA barcode technology to identify fish of Sciaenidae, CO I sequences of 7 species of Sciaenidae were amplified and homologous sequences were obtained from GenBank. Ultimately, CO I sequences of 65 Sciaenidae individuals which belonged to 14 genera, 23 species were analyzed in this study. Results showed that the A + T content of Sciaenidae CO I sequences were higher than G + C content, and the G + C content of the first codon site was significantly higher than 2nd and 3rd codon site. Intraspecial genetic distance was 0~0.014 (average 0.004), interspecial genetic distance was 0.050~0.368 (average 0.202), and average interspecial genetic distance was 50.5 times of the intraspecial genetic distance. In the phylogenetic tree, individuals of the same species were grouped into separate branches. Larimichthys and Collichthys formed monophyletic groups separately, while Argyrosomus, Nibea and Johnius didn’t. The results indicated that the mitochondrial CO I gene could be used for the effective identification and phylogenetic analysis of Sciaenidae.

Study on Bacillus subtilis from hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂) intestine and its zymogenicities

2019, 41(5):  366-373. 

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Four suspected Bacillus strains were isolated from the intestine of healthy hybrid grouper, which were named as B1, B2, B3 and B4 and studied on the bacterial morphology, biochemistry characteristic, 16S rDNA sequences and ectoenzyme-producing analysis. The results showed that four strains were consistent with Bacillus on biochemistry characteristic. Meanwhile, the 16S rDNA sequences of four strains were clustered at similarity levels (≥99%) with Bacillus. Finally, the results showed that four strains were all Bacillus. With the founded of ectoenzyme-producing experiment, four strains all had ectoenzyme-producing ability, such as cellulase, amylase and protease. And B3 strain had higher zymogenicities of cellulase, protease, and amylase than B1, B2 or B4. So this experiment finally selected B3 as a strain with potential probiotic.

Water quality improvement by ecological restoration micro-nanometer aeration project in Dongyaxi Reservoir

2019, 41(5):  374-384. 

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In this study, Dongyaxi Reservoir in Sanming City, Fujian province was taken as the research object.?The effect of ecological restoration of the micro-nanometer aeration project in four seasons was evaluated??by comparing the water quality and phytoplankton characteristics in the aeration area and non-aeration area.?The effect of micro-nanometer aeration project in Niulingku Bay was evaluated in 2017. The results indicate that the dissolved oxygen in the water body bottom layer is 0.3~1.1 mg/ L higher than the dissolved oxygen in the non-aeration area due to the micro-nano aeration in the aeration area. The reduction rate of total phosphorus concentration was 14.0%~29.1%. Aeration may have an effect on promoting the reduction of total phosphorus by precipitation, adsorption, adhesion and other removal, and phosphorus is easy to be adsorbed by minerals rich in Fe,Al and Ca.?Total nitrogen concentration was not markedly?reduced,it may be that different aeration conditions affect the removal efficiency of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, this is also related to the background value of nitrogen in water. In addition, the reduction rate of chlorophyll and?algae cell abundance?in water was 25.1%~51.0% and 16.9%~37.9%,?respectively. In summer, the reduction of of chlorophyll and algae cells achieved?the highest, 51.0% and 37.9%, respectively. Comparison between aeration area and non-aeration area, the reduction rate of the algae cell abundance is 16.9%~37.9%, the reduction rate of the Cyanobacteria is 14%~26%, the reduction rate of the green algae is 19%~51%, and the reduction rate of the diatom is 20%~36%, which shows that the micro-nanometer aeration can inhibit the growth of the phytoplankton to a certain extent. The inhibitory effect of micro-nanometer aeration on algae growth may be due to the rapid extinction of algae caused by the inhibition of phosphorus release by microbial species of sediment and the increase of turbidity of water body. In the present study, the micro-nanometer aeration disc is placed at the bottom of the water body, and the effect of aeration on the growth of the algae is obviously inhibited due to the adsorption and fixing action of the bottom mud to the phosphorus. The results show that the micro-nanometer aeration technology can control algae well in summer. As a new aeration technology, micro-nanometer aeration is widely used in the field of environmental pollution remediation because of its low investment, no secondary pollution and convenient operation and management. Micro-nanometer aeration technology can change dissolved oxygen in water body, restore and enhance microbial activity in water body, so as to purify water quality. It is a promising technique for ecological restoration of water source, which can be further studied by combining with other ecological indicators such as zooplankton. Water eutrophication is easy to erupt in spring and summer. When the temperature begins to rise gradually, considering the cost-benefit and other factors, the micro-nanometer aeration project can operate in spring and summer in order to inhibit the growth of algae, while in autumn and winter, aeration can be properly reduced in order to achieve the optimization of benefits.

Bioaccessibility of cadmium in Chlamys Nobills by in vitro bionics digestion model

2019, 41(5):  385-392. 

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Cadmium was one of the easiest accumulated environmental pollutants, and Chlamys nobills which belonged to the kind of shellfish in shallow sea and had significant bio-accumulation ability for Cd, was taken as an example to study the dietary intake risk scientifically and effectively. And then the method of in vitro digestion, which could simulate the physical and chemical environment of the gastrointestinal tract, was used to obtain the bioaccessibility of Cd in C. nobills for dietary intake. The result showed that the range of Cd bioaccessibility in C. nobills was from 36.5 to 63.3% (mean to 47.9%) and the main forms of Cd in chyme were MT-Cd and GSH-Cd. The Cd bioaccessibility of different tissues was in the order as sex gland (51.2%), adductor muscle (44.9%), viscera (40.6%) and gill lamella/mantle (37.4%). It also seemed that there was significant negative correlation between the mass fraction of sex gland and its bioaccessibility (R=-0.840, P<0.05), while a extremely significant positive correlation could be found between the mass fraction of visceral and its bioaccessibility (R=0.996, P<0.01). And the content of Cd in chyme mainly came from the tissue of gill lamella/mantle and adductor muscle (up to 63.5%). Because of the higher Cd contribution of viscera in the chyme than its corresponding mass fraction, the dietary intake risk of Cd might be reduced by a quarter if this tissue was removed before eating.

Constructing and evaluating an index system for aquaculture carrying capacity in Dongshan Bay

ZHEND Hui-dong ZHENDHui-dong

2019, 41(5):  393-398. 

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Based on the basic data of fishery statistics in Dongshan Bay in 2016，the key indicators of aquaculture area and structure were selected, and threshold parameters were given in this paper. The aquaculture area index, aquaculture structure index and aquaculture comprehensive index were calculated, and the evaluation index system of aquaculture carrying capacity was constructed. The carrying capacity of aquaculture in Dongshan Bay was evaluated by comprehensive evaluation of auxiliary and key indicators. The results showed that the area index (YS) of Dongshan Bay was 0.89, the structure index (YJ) was 0.02, and the comprehensive index (YZ) was 0.91. The carrying capacity of aquaculture in Dongshan Bay was critical overload by comprehensive evaluation method. Its overload characteristics were unreasonable distribution and too large scale of feeding culture in some sea areas. The main control measures were retreat in restricted areas, rational distribution and scale control of feeding culture.

Analysis on the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads, as well as energy consumption of sea fish and shrimp in Shandong Province

Kai LI

2019, 41(5):  399-403. 

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As a response to ‘energy-saving and emission-reduction’ strategy, in order to investigate the status of pollution loads and energy consumption of marine aquaculture in Shandong Province, pollution loads were estimated by ZHU NEI JUN LANG method for sea fish and shrimp, while energy consumption was calculated for the industrialized and pond culture pattern. The results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads of sea fish were 147.90 kg/t and 16.00 kg/t, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads of shrimp were 64.03 kg/t and 22.10 kg/t, total amount of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads in Shandong were 2.63×104 t/a and 0.48×104 t/a, respectively. Energy consumption was 8.26×108 kW·h/a, including 5.64×108 kW·h/a for the industrialized culture and 2.62×108 kW·h/a for the pond culture. The structure and mode of marine aquaculture is important for the pollution loads and energy consumption. It plays an import role for the ‘energy-saving and emission-reduction’ strategy to extend the technologies such as recirculating aquaculture systems.

The drying characteristic and dynamical modeling of seahorse under vacuum freeze drying

2019, 41(5):  404-408. 

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The drying characteristic, effective diffusion coefficients and mathematical modeling of seahorse vacuum freeze-drying were investigated in the present study. According to kinetics of seahorse for vacuum freeze drying obtained in this study, the weight of seahorse kept stable after drying twenty-five hours, and effective diffusion coefficients during for drying process was 2.442 3×10-10 m2/s. Through fitting of experimental data to eight thin layer drying models, the results indicated that the Page model was a suitable model for vacuum freeze drying techniques, with correlation coefficient (R2), reduced chi-square (χ2) and root mean square error (RMSE) as 0.999 4, 5.961 9×10-5 and 2.090 0×10-4, respectively. The results would provide theoretical basis for the production and processing of seahorse drying.

Sexual dimorphism of the frog, Paa spinosa in mountainous areas of the western Fujian

2019, 41(5):  409-417. 

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The present study compared the differences of 14 morphological traits, including body weight (BW), snout-urostyle length (SUL), snout length (SL), head length (HL), shoulder-to-anal length (SAL), froe foot length (FFL), fore limb length (FLL), hind foot length (HFL), hind limb length (HLL), interorbital space (IS), internasal distance (INS), head width (HW), shoulder width (SW) and eye diameter (ED) between the females and the males of Paa spinosa in mountainous areas of the western Fujian. The results showed that except snout length, interorbital space and eye diameter, the other 11 measurements values were significantly larger in males than in females (P<0.05). The index of sexual dimorphism reached 0.068 and males Paa spinosa frogs were on average 7.3％ longer in body length than that of the females. There was a significant correlation between snout-urostyle length, snout length, eye diameter and body weight in males (P<0.05). There was a significant correlation between snout-urostyle length, fore limb length and shoulder width and body weight in females (P<0.05). Multiple regression equations were used to estimate body weight and body traits. The equation for BW of the males was BW(♂)=3.620×SUL+0.626×HLL-5.847×ED+0.728×SL-269.868. Similarly, the equation for females was BW(♀)=2.914×SUL+1.502×FLL+1.521×SW-304.518. The sexual dimorphism of P. spinosa might be the result of natural selection and systematic evolution under the combined action of sexual selection on males and breeding pressure on females.

Selection response for shell length in Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) larval and juvenile

2019, 41(5):  418-423. 

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The Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum), production of which was 4 million tons in 2015, is a kind of important economic shellfish in China. In order to improve the productivity traits of R. philippinarum, a mass selection program for faster growth was carried out. The shell length of the second generation of R. philippinarum breeding line were compared with the controls in larval and juvenile stage. Selection response (SR), realized heritability (h_R^2), and genetic gain (GG) were also estimated. The average selection response, realized heritability and genetic gain were (0.516±0.297), (0.324±0.187), and (2.902±2.114) during larval stage, respectively, and were (0.300±0.262), (0.188±0.164), and (9.463±8.418) during juvenile stage,respectively. It is concluded that mass selection is an effective approach to improving growth traits in the stocks of R. philippinarum.

Effects of different feed and delayed feeding on the breeding of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

2019, 41(5):  424-429. 

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Effects of four kinds of feed and delayed feeding on the survival rate and feeding rate of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were studied to reveal the growth characteristics of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The results showed that the best diet of larva Pelteobagrus fulvidraco was plankton, which ould promote the growth of P. fulvidraco significantly, while the larval body length was 14.174 mm, the survival rate was 84.36% after feeding for 22 d. Delayed feeding could exceed no more than 4 d, and it was suitable to feed a few plankton at 3 d after hatching. It could feed with full bait after 4 d, while the larval feeding rate could reach 100%. In these ways could ensure the survival rate and feeding rate of larvae, reduce the waste of bait, save the cost, and protect the environment.

Research on the competitiveness of marine bio pharmaceutical industry in Shandong Province based on diamond model

2019, 41(5):  430-440. 

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The development of marine bio pharmaceutical industry is an inevitable requirement for Shandong Province to implement the strategy of strong marine province, realize the transformation of new and old kinetic energy, and realize the leapfrog development of marine economy. This paper used Gompertz curve to analyze the life cycle stage of Shandong marine bio pharmaceutical industry, and used the diamond model to revise individual factors and summarize the factors affecting the competitiveness of the industry from six aspects: production factors, demand conditions, related and supportive industries, technology and R&D capabilities, government policies and opportunities, and put forward some suggestions for promoting the competitiveness of the industry.

Current situation, existing problems and development suggestions of Quanzhou aquatic product processing industry

2019, 41(5):  441-445. 

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As a traditional dominant industry, aquatic product processing industry plays an important supporting role in the development of marine economy in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province. The rich fishery resources provide a good basis for the development of Quanzhou aquatic products processing industry. At present, aquatic products in Quanzhou are becoming more and more abundant, while the cluster effect is obvious. It is gradually focusing on brand building and technical innovation, and the development environment is increasingly optimized. However, there are still some problems, such as limited deep-processing products, small scale of enterprises, and weak scientific research ability. In the view of the current situation and problems of Quanzhou aquatic products processing industry, this paper put forward countermeasures and suggestions for improving the development level of Quanzhou aquatic products processing industry from product development, brand promotion, raw material supply, expanding sales channels, quality safety and technological innovation, in order to promote the leapfrog development of aquatic products processing industry in Quanzhou.

Research progress on artificial breeding of marine angelfish

2019, 41(5):  446-454. 

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Marine angelfish is one of the most welcomed aquarium fishes. Their colorful appearance and various shapes are attracting aquarium hobbyist continuously. Therefore, they are of a high market value. However, due to the environmental degradation and overfishing, the wild anglerfish resources keep declining, which calls for an immediate artificial breeding and restoration. This paper summarized the current progress on artificial breeding of marine angelfish worldwide including the living habits, paired and spawning of brood stock, embryo development and hatching, as well as larval breeding. The technical bottlenecks and the possible resolutions in this area were discussed in detail, and hoped to provide reference for future research on artificial breeding of marine angelfish.