Table of Content

25 December 2016, Volume 38 Issue 6

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Isolation，identification and characteristics of a sulnde–oxidizing bacterium in sediment of marine cage culture area

2016, 38(6):  431-436. 

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Screening sulfide-oxidizing bacteria from sediments of marine cage culture area, then exploring the growth characterization of the bacteria. The medium with sodium thiosulfate as the sole energy substrate was used to isolate a sulfide - oxidizing bacterium. The species of the strain were identified by a variety of methods of Gram staining, plate colony morphologic observation, morphological characteristics research,16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the molecular phylogenetic tree construction. An efficient thiosulphate-oxidizing bacterium was isolated from Bachimen of Fujian, named B1 - 1. The strain was Gram–negative bacteria, short rod and identified as Halotm obacillns hydrothermalis（GenBank accession no.KU362926).Under the culture conditions of 28℃， pH 8and 150 r/min， the phases of logarithmic of strain B1-1 had come in 12 h， then the thiosulfate was oxidated in 36 h，the medium pH was down to 4.8 and the concentration of S2O3- was reduced from initial 2.28 g/L to 0.36 g/L in 60 h. The strain of sodium thiosulfate oxidation was up to 84.2 %，which showed great application prospect.

Acute heat stress on the influence oi large yellow croaker( Larimichthys crocea ) serum physiological indicators

2016, 38(6):  437-444. 

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As a cold-blooded animal，fish is particularly sensitive to the changes of the water temperature，and makes rapid response in physiological changes at the same time. This study analyzed the variation law of serum corisol，blood glucose and lactic acid in the juveniles of large yellow croaker under the stress of mutation high temperature. To make it clear，the experiment selected large yellow croaker， the average weight was (118.8±6.05) g and 8-month-old as experiment object，and maintained the temperature at (23±0.3)℃ (the control group) and (33±0.3)℃ (the test group)， temperature-changing process was mutation，then we observed and recorded the experimental phenomena. The results indicated that the juveniles of large yellow croaker had a strong stress response，such as accelerating breathing，extreme anxiety，intense swimming，when subjected to high temperature stress at 33℃. The serum of the test group showed a significant increase in corisol，glucose，lactic acid content compared to the control group (P<0.05 or 0.01) after two hours，and then the jvenile of test group stared to die in succession，eventually all died. Research showed that the high temperature of 33℃ stress had a fatal effect on the large yellow croakers，and we should strictly control the water temperature below 33℃ in the actual production.

High temperature stress on the frog tadpole antioxidant enzyme activity

2016, 38(6):  445-452. 

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The activity of LDH, GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, AKP and the content of MDA of the frog tadpole (Quasipaa spinosa) were detected under raising water temperature from18℃ to 30℃ with rapid and gentle models. The results showed the activity of LDH extracted from the tail muscle tissue were significantly higher than that of extracted from visceral mass of the frog tadpole（P<0.01）; under heat stress, the activities of LDH extracted from the tail muscle tissue and visceral mass of the frog tadpole were significantly higher （P<0.01）. The activities of GSH-Px of the tail muscle tissue and visceral mass of the frog tadpole were significantly lower under heat stress (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the GSH-Px activities of the visceral mass of the tadpole in the rapid raising temperature model were higher than that of gentle raising temperature model significantly (P<0.01). Under heat stress, the activities of SOD extracted from the tail muscle tissue and visceral mass of the frog tadpole were significantly lower（P<0.05,P<0.01）, and the SOD activities of the tail muscle tissue and visceral mass of the tadpole in the rapid raising temperature model were higher than that of gentle raising temperature model significantly (P<0.05,P<0.01). Under heat stress, the activities of CAT extracted from the tail muscle tissue and visceral mass of the frog tadpole were significant drop（P<0.01）, and under gentle raising temperature model, the activities of CAT extracted from the tail muscle tissue of the tadpole were higher than that of rapid raising temperature model significantly (P<0.05,P<0.01). There were no obvious effects of heat stress on AKP activity of the tadpole tail muscle under the gentle and rapid models of raising water temperature. There were significant rise on AKP activity of the visceral mass of the tadpole under heat stress（P<0.05）. There were significant rise on MDA contents of the tail and the visceral mass of the tadpole under heat stress（P<0.05）, and the MDA contents of the visceral mass of the tadpole in the rapid raising temperature model were higher than that of gentle raising temperature model significantly（P<0.01）.

Optimization research of the formulation of oyster glycogen tablets basing on disintegration time

2016, 38(6):  453-459. 

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To develop the preparation technique of Oyster glycogen tablets, the preparation technique of oyster glycogen tablets was optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiment, with the disintegration time as important quality indicators. Results showed that, the optimum ratio of oyster glycogen freeze-dried powder, MCC, maltodextrin, CMS-Na, magnesium stearate and corn starch was 15%, 15%, 5%, 5%, 0.02% and 59.98%, respectively. The optimal process was simple and feasible to conduct, and the quality of the optimized oyster glycogen tablets had a good stability, which met the criterion of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2005).

The study of immunofluorescence chromatography detection in tetrodotoxin

2016, 38(6):  460-465. 

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In the southeast coastal area of China，tetrodotoxin poisoning often occurred caused by eating puffer fish. Currently main detection methods of tetrodotoxin are mouse assay, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) etc. The tetrodotoxin detection methods presently need much more effort in time and cost, and can not meet the market requirements nowadays. We developed a tetrodotoxin colloidal gold immunochromatographic test kit, which the lowest detection limit was 100 ng/mL. The logic four parameter curve fitting, variation coefficient analysis, and standard test methods were used to test the stability, sensitivity, the fitting degree of the trend line, and detection range of homemade detection card in tetrodotoxin quantitative detecting. The results showed that the variation coefficient of homemade tetrodotoxin fluorescence immuno-chromatographic testing card was 0.124; correlation coefficient r2 value was 0.995 5; the detection range was 2~ 600 ng/mL. The testing card can meet the need of tetrodotoxin detection.

A Meta-analysis of the growth promoting effect of mannan oligosaccharide to fish

2016, 38(6):  466-474. 

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Using Meta-analysis, the article analyzed the effect of mannan oligosaccharide on weight gain rate, specific growth rate and feed coefficient of fishes, then expounded whether mannan oligosaccharide could play a promoting role on fish growth, and provided a scientific reference to the health of the fish breeding. Using the computer retrieval CNKI database, collecting literatures about the growth promoting effect of mannan oligosaccharide to fish, the paper extracted the data and made Meta-analysis on literature that met the standards. Results: A total of 12 studies were included．The results of Meta-analyses showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of experimental group significantly improved than controlled group[MD=24.77, 95%CI=（11.92,37.61）, P<0.000 01] [MD=0.10, 95%CI=(0.07,0.13), P<0.000 01], while the food coefficient of fish of experimental group was significantly below than controlled group [MD=-0.16, 95%CI=（-0.24,-0.08）, P<0.000 01]. Conclusion: mannan oligosaccharide could significantly improve the fish weight gain rate and the specific growth rate, and significantly reduce the food coefficient of fish.

Analysis of digestive system of Sipunculus nudus in inshore of Zhanjiang

2016, 38(6):  475-480. 

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To explore the characteristics of Sipunculus nudus digestive system in near sea area of Zhanjiang, Sipunculus nudus in near sea area of Zhanjiang were selected as materials to observe morphology and histology of the digestive tract. The result showed that Sipunculus nudus digestive system consisted of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, intestine, rectum, caecum and anus etc. The rectal blind sac attach to the rectum, the digestive tract was about 2.5 times as long as the body, and intestine loop was formed by three folds and spiral winding. The wall of digestive tract is divided into mucosa, submucosa and serous membrane, from inner to outer. Furthermore, there were a lot of creases in the mucosa, without continuous muscle layer, but the submucosa was composed of connective tissue, muscle fibers and nerve and vessel etc. The digestive tract of Sipunculus nudus had developed cilia, rectal blind sac was connect to the terminal rectum and filled with yellow liquid.

Comparative experiments on two methods or parent Paphia undulataF induced mature

2016, 38(6):  481-485. 

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The key to artificial large - scale breeding is to induce the maturation of parent clams in order to obtain high - quality oosperms. The parent Paphia undulata has low synchronous rates in sexual maturation and they are usually not concentrated in spawning time. In this study， the parent clams of Paphia undulata were temporary rearing for 5 days，10 days，15 days，20 days in indoor cement pools and outdoor ponds separately，then air-dried or stimulated by flowing water in order to induce spawning，their gonadal developments and induced spawning effects in the different measures and durations were compared. The results showed that the situation of Paphia undulata‘’s gonadal developments was better and the death rate was lower when they were cultured in outdoor ponds than indoor cement pools，moreover，both the effects of gonadal development and induced spawning of the parent clams were best when cultured for 10 days in outdoor ponds.

Discussion on new technolosv in the intensification oi the cage abalone culture in bay area

2016, 38(6):  486-492. 

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Based on the living habits of abalone and summaries of the characteristics of aquaculture installations at home and abroad，the new high-density verical net cage were developed. We researched on the feed distribution in culture net cage，and the species of fouling organisms comparing traditional aquaculture cage with new vesical net cage in sea area. The results showed that in the contrast experiments，asparagus and seaweed were fed by dumping way at slack period，the seed proportion could reach to 30.4% and 36.7% respectively in abalone veeical net cage，higher than the other ways of feeding. Through nine months of breeding，the average weight and survival ratio which abalone were placed in net cage with 1 cm mesh size of culture net cage were (29.1±6.17) g and 60.5% respectively. The weight and survival ratio of abalone in traditional suspended cage were (22.8 ±7.93 ) g and 33.5% respectively，it was significantly lower than the abalone in the vertical net cage (P <0.05). 0rganisms attached on cage showed no significant difference in weight among different size mesh of culture net cages (P>0.05)， but it was significantly more than the traditional suspended cage (P<0.05). The fouling organisms showed significant increase in quantity and kinds during summer and beyond. Comparing with traditional suspended cage，the advantage was obvious that the new veeical net cage were easily operated，good in water exchange，low labour costs，higher survival rate and security.

Species composition and auantitv variation of usti eggs，larvae and juveniles in Zhao，an Bay， Fujian during spring and autumn

2016, 38(6):  493-500. 

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The surveys of fish eggs， larvae and juveniles were canied out in Zhao’an Bay of Fujian during spring ( 0ctober，2012 ) and autumn ( May，2014). The compositions of fish eggs，larvae and juveniles，as well as quantity of temporal-spatial distribution in Zhao’an Bay were studied. The results showed that 7 species of fish eggs，7 species of larvae and juveniles had been indentified，belonging to 10 genera, 10 families.In autumn，a total of 31 fish eggs and 47 larvae and juveniles were collected，which intensive areas were at north side of West Island in bay mouth. In spring，a total of 662 fish eggs and 69 larvae and juveniles were collected， which intensive areas were at north - central waters and west side of West Island. The dominant species were Labridae sp.，Omobranchus elegans in autumn， while which were Nibea albiiora，Lutjanus erythropterus and Omobranchus elegans in spring. Compared with the data of Dongshan Bay， the mean densities of fish eggs were obviously greater，while the mean densities of fish larvae and juveniles were slightly lower in spring. The quantity of fish eggs，larvae and juveniles in the two bays were both at low level in autumn，which indicated spawning season of two bays was the same in spring.

Research progress on the marine shellfish Toll signaling pathway

2016, 38(6):  501-509. 

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Toll-like receptor，an important member of a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRR)，can recognize a variety of pathogen associated molecular patterns and activate signaling cascades to induce innate immunity. Toll - like receptors plays an important role in host defense against microbial pathogens. Toll receptor was originally identified in Drosophila embryos， which was highly conserved families in evolution.Much work has been done on TLRs in Drosophila and vertebrates. Recently， research on mollusk Toll–like receptor and Toll pathway has increased due to its high economic value and the position in phylogenetic research. This review presents the research progress of loll - like receptor and Toll pathway in marine mollusks，which updates the information of innate immunity in marine shellfish.

Situation and prospect oi disease (recasting in aquaculture

2016, 38(6):  510-518. 

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Aquatic animal and plant diseases are major restrictive factors to control aquaculture production development and aquaculture products quality safety，so disease forecast accurately is significant for control work of disease. The aricle reviewed the Chinese research progress of aquatic animal plant diseases forecasting research，the diseases forecasting development，basis and content，the diseases forecasting systematization and information construction. At the end， this aricle gave some advice to the diseases forecasting work， and previewed its future.