Table of Content

25 August 2016, Volume 38 Issue 4

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The research progress of antioxidant enzymes in marine organisms

2016, 38(4):  331-342. 

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Free radicals refer to an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired valence electrons. Many environmental stimuli, including ultraviolet light, environmental toxins, and hyperthermia, generate high level of free radicals, which leads to cellular oxidative damage. In order to avoid cellular oxidative damage and prevent disease and death caused by oxidative stress, marine organisms develop an effective defense system. The antioxidant system of mollusks includes enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), thioredoxin peroxidase (TPx), peroxide enzyme (POD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and non-enzymatic antioxidants. This article focuses on the research progress of antioxidant enzymes on the sources, distribution and classification as well as the properties, which provides the theoretical basis for its application and prospect.

Detection method and pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic products

2016, 38(4):  343-350. 

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As one of the persistent organic pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have wide source. They are difficult to be degraded but easy to be enriched in organisms. Aquatic products provide a large number of protein, fat and minerals for the human body. They have suffered varying degrees of pollution due to water pollution. PAHs in the aquatic organisms can be passed through the food chain, and easily be accumulated in the human body, which are harmful to human health. In this paper, the source, harm, detection methods and the content analysis of PAHs in aquatic products are described.

Preliminary study of lead and cadmium in ten kinds of freshwater fish sold in Xiamen markets and their edible risk assessment

2016, 38(4):  302-309. 

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Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were detected by atomic absorption spectrometry in ten kinds of common freshwater fish sold in Xiamen market. The results indicated that distributions of Cd and Pb in different parts (head, abdomen and back) on the ten kinds of freshwater fish were similar, but distributions of Cd and Pb in different fish were much different. Content of Cd in all fish samples were not exceeded, and content of Pb in 6.67% of fish samples exceeded China's national standards. WIestimate calculated by using Cd or Pb in each of freshwater fish as a single exposure ,was far less than that of the standard limit. Non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient of Cd was 0~0.011, and non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient of Pb was 0.093~0.569. Both of them were less than 1 which was within the safe range. All of these fish were safe to eat.

Design and realization of scientific research projects management system based on VB and SQL

2016, 38(4):  326-330. 

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Scientific research projects management is an important part of scientific and technological management. In order to improve the convenience, normalization, organization, articulation and systematization of the management, in this paper, we developed a scientific research projects management system for small and medium-sized institutes using VB as the front-end developing tool and SQL as backend database. It could browse, query, insert, modify, update, and delete all research projects information to enhance the efficiency of project management for research institutes.

Uncertainty evaluation for detecting eugenol in aquaculture water by gas chromatography mass spectrometric

2016, 38(4):  310-317. 

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According to the procedure for uncertainty assessment，we evaluated the measurement uncertainty of detecting eugenol in aquaculture water by GC-MS method which established in our lab. The components of uncertainty in the detecting process were studied and analyzed, including standard work solution，weighing sample，constant sample solution volume，instrument detection and sample preparation repeatability, then calculating and combining these components of uncertainty. At the 95% confidence level，the coverage factor k= 2，expanding the method uncertainty. The results showed the major factors of uncertainty in this method were sample preparation repeatability and instrument detection. In order to insure the detecting results are accuracy and reliable, we should standardize the operation, strictly control environmental condition and increase parallel sample.

The research on the toxicity of parent fishes, fertilized eggs, embryo and juveniles of Fugu bimaculatus

bo liu

2016, 38(4):  295-301. 

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In our paper the semi quantitative rapid detection kits of tetrodotoxin which developed at the Fishery Research Institute of Fujian were applied in the artificial breeding of Fugu bimaculatus. We detected the tetrodotoxin of parent fishes, fertilized eggs, embryo and juveniles of Fugu bimaculatus in different breeding groups. The results showed the tetrodotoxin of tissue and organ with parent fishes was significant different from each other in different breeding groups. The tetrodotoxin of eye ball and testis in parent fishes were negative in detection，but on the other hand, the skin, muscle, liver and ovaries were positive with different detection rate which were 5.4%, 16.2%, 40.5% and 40.5%, respectively.Our experimental data had indicated that the skin and liver of parent fishes were positive in artificial breeding groups, and the positive detection rates of the liver and ovaries of parent fishes in wild groups were higher than artificial breeding groups. The fertilized eggs with female parent in wild groups were both positive in tetrodotoxin detection, and the embryo was positive in earlier state but negative in later state. The fertilized eggs and embryo with female parent in artificial breeding groups were both negative in tetrodotoxin detection. The juveniles with female parent in wild groups were positive in earlier state but negative in later state. The juveniles with female parent in artificial breeding groups were negative in tetrodotoxin detection.

The primary research on crossbreeding between Fugu bimaculatus and Fugu rubripes

2016, 38(4):  263-272. 

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In order to obtain the juveniles of fugu with hybrid heterosis, the author applied artificial breeding technology in matured Fugu bimaculatus and Fugu rubripes for hybridization. The embryo development of normal crosses(SH) and reciprocal crosses (HS) were observed and the resistance test of high temperature in normal crosses (SH), reciprocal crosses (HS) and control groups (SB and HQ) were conducted. The results showed that the fertility rates were 95.6%, 93.5%, 96.0% and 89.5% in normal crosses(SH), reciprocal crosses (HS) and control groups (SB and HQ), respectively. The hatching rate of those oosperms were 92.2%、80.6%、89.4% and 79.9%, and the indoor survival rates of those juveniles were 28.4%、18.7%、27.5% and 19.2% in each group. The survival rate of juveniles of normal crosses(SH) in earth pond after ecological breeding was 18.3%. The oosperms of normal crosses(SH) with water temperature of 18.0～20.0℃ were developed into juveniles after 132 h. The juveniles of reciprocal crosses (HS) on the same conditions were developed into juveniles after 164 h40 min. The juveniles of reciprocal crosses(HS) and control groups(HQ) could not survive on the condition of water temperature from 28.0℃ to 35.0℃, on the other hand, the juveniles of normal crosses(SH) and control groups(SB) could grow normally on the same water temperature condition. The experiment indicated that the biological characteristics of hybrid descendants were close to female parent and the normal crosses (SH) might be broadly cultured in south coastal area such as Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan and so on.

Preliminary investigation of Enterocytozoon Hepatopenaei (EHP) and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) from Litopenaeus vannamei in west Guangdong Province

2016, 38(4):  273-280. 

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In recent years, the growth retardation of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) has been a common phenomenon in west Guangdong Province. The potential pathogenies of this disease are considered Enterocytozoon Hepatopenaei (EHP) and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV). The fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) methods was founded so as to estimate the epidemic of these two pathogenies. These methods were used to detect 87 samples of junior shrimps, parent shrimps, adult shrimps, fresh feed and water which sampled across the west Guangdong Province. The results show that the positive rate of EHP was 41.38%, the IHHNV positive rate of 12.18%. And in testing samples, EHP and IHNNV have been detected in two water samples in different areas,but have not been detected in cultivation water after sterilized. The highest EHP positive rate of adult shrimps was 93.75% and highest IHHNV positive rate of 38.10%. EHP was detected in both local and imported parent shrimp, positive rate of 80.00% and 33.33% , respectively,but IHHNV was not detected in imported parent shrimp. In the test results of samples with different farms, the shrimp ,which load index of EHP was the highest of 10, the average weight of daily growth was the minimum of 0.039 g. And load index of EHP was the lowest of 2,while the average weight of daily growth was the maximum of 0.090 g. But the load index of EHP was the same with the different size shrimps in the pool of 20.Then it was found that the content of EHP in smaller junior shrimps from different ponds was significantly higher than large ones, indicating that EHP had a significant impact on the growth of the shrimp. It was a similar ogarithmic relationship and the correlation coefficient was R2 = 0.574 6.

Comparative analysis on the composition and composition pattern of essential amino acids in muscle of crossbreed F1[Megalobrama

2016, 38(4):  281-287. 

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In the present study, we studied the differences of nutritional value in muscle of Megalobrama terminalis, Eryghroculter ilishaeformis and crossbreed F1, and evaluated the nutritional value of crossbreed F1, through comparatively analyzing the composition and composition pattern of essential amino acids in muscle of the fish. The results showed that the crude protein content of crossbreed F1 was higher than its parents, and the crude lipid content was lower than its parents; The contents of total amino acid and essential amino acid crossbreed F1 were higher than its parents; EAAI of crossbreed F1 was between its parents, and over 45% .The AAS and CS of Crossbreed F1 were exceeded 1.0 and 0.5 , respectively. The results indicated that the crossbreed F1 was a kind of high nutritional value fish, and its essential amino acid composition was more approximate to Eryghroculter ilishaeformis.

Seasonal variation characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorous nutrients in Zhangjiang River

2016, 38(4):  318-325. 

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According to the investigation data on monitoring section in different water periods during 2010—2013, the composition and seasonal variation characteristics of nutrients in Zhangjiang River were studied. Results showed that the content ranges of NO3--N, NH4+-N, NO2--N and PO43--P were 1.45~3.50, 0.112~0.940, 0.030~0.188 and 0.005~0.143 mg/L,respectively. The content ranges of TN and TP were 3.40~5.75 and 0.104~0.379 mg/L , respectively. The annual average content of TN was high, lest in low-flow period and most in high-flow period, reflected that it was influenced by both point pollution and non-point pollution, dominated by the non-point pollution. Content of TP was no significant differences between low-flow period and high-flow period, because of the interaction of point pollution and non-point pollution. The main forms of the DIN was NO3--N>65.3%, which had no significant differences in different water periods. NH4+-N mainly came from point pollution, showed high value in the low-flow period. PO43--P had high value respectively in different water periods. The correlation analysis indicated that nutrient parameters had different correlation in different water periods. In low-flow period, there were significantly and positively correlated between NH4+-N, TP and TN. The significantly positive correlation was also observed between NO3--N and PO43--P. The influence of runoff on nutrient parameters was completely different.

Analysis and evaluation of nutritional components in Acaudina molpadioides

2016, 38(4):  288-294. 

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Nutritional components in body of Acaudina molpadioides were analyzed and nutritive quality were evaluated. The results showed that the contents of crude protein, crude fat, polysaccharose and crude ash of dry body of Acaudina molpadioides were 81.22%, 0.23%, 3.62% and 10.33%, respectively. Hydroxyproline content was up to 31.2 mg/g. In dry samples, the total content of 18 kinds of amino acids was 80.08%, among which essential amino acids and delicious amino acids accounted for 23.95% and 54.48%, respectively. The ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids was 31%. The essential amino acid index (EAAI) was 57.03. It was apparent that the constitutional rate of the essential amino acids was lower than the FAO/WHO standard. The unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 55.1% of the total fatty acids. Calcium (Ca) was the most predominant mineral element and its content was 4 100 mg/kg. In conclusion，Acaudina molpadioidea is a valuable marine biology resource with low fat, rich in protein and mineral elements.