饵料对卤虫幼体生长、存活和营养组成的影响

doi:10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2024.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

卤虫是水产动物重要的生物饵料,本研究分别采用酵母、小球藻藻粉和发酵虾片等3种饵料投喂卤虫无节幼体,探讨饵料对卤虫幼体生长、存活和营养组成的影响。结果表明:经过6 d的养殖,发酵虾片组卤虫幼体生长最快,其平均体长显著大于小球藻藻粉组和酵母组(P<0.05);酵母组卤虫幼体存活率最低,小球藻藻粉组与发酵虾片组存活率差异不显著(P>0.05)。相比卤虫无节幼体,养殖6日龄的各饵料组卤虫幼体的粗蛋白质含量显著提高(P<0.05),但粗脂肪的含量则显著降低(P<0.05),其中小球藻藻粉组和发酵虾片组卤虫幼体的蛋白质含量显著高于酵母组(P<0.05);发酵虾片组卤虫幼体的粗脂肪含量显著高于小球藻藻粉组和酵母组(P<0.05);相比小球藻藻粉组和酵母组,发酵虾片组卤虫幼体的氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量均最高;各试验组检测到较高含量的EPA,但均未检测到DHA;发酵虾片组卤虫幼体的总脂肪酸含量和多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于小球藻藻粉组和酵母组(P<0.05),而小球藻藻粉组卤虫幼体的HUFA、EPA含量明显高于酵母组和发酵虾片组(P<0.05)。综上所述,发酵虾片和小球藻藻粉相较于酵母具有卤虫营养强化的优势,可用于卤虫的养殖生产。

关键词: 卤虫幼体, 酵母, 小球藻藻粉, 发酵虾片, 生长, 营养组成

Abstract:

Artemia is an important biological feed for aquatic animals.In this study,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,powder of Chlorella pyenoidosa,and fermented shrimp flake were fed to new hatched Artemia nauplii to evaluate the effects of different diets on the growth,survival,and nutritional composition of Artemia nauplii.Results showed that after 6 days feeding,the fermented shrimp flake feed group had the largest average body length,which were significantly larger than that of the S.cerevisiae group and the powder of C.pyenoidosa group (P<0.05).The survival rate of Artemia nauplii fed with S.cerevisiae was the lowest,but there were no significant differences between the powder of C.pyenoidosa group and the fermented shrimp flake group (P>0.05).After 6 days feeding,the crude protein content of Artemia nauplii significantly increased,but the crude fat content significantly decreased compared to Artemia nauplii (P<0.05).The protein content of Artemia nauplii in the powder of C.pyenoidosa group and the fermented shrimp flakes group was significantly higher than that in the S.cerevisiae group (P<0.05).Furthermore,the highest crude fat content was obtained in Artemia nauplii that were fed with the fermented shrimp flakes.The fermented shrimp flakes group had the highest total amino acid (TAA) content and essential amino acid (EAA) content.All experimental groups contained high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA),but the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was undetectable.The total fatty acid content and polyunsaturated fatty acid content in the fermented shrimp flakes group were significantly higher than those in the powder of C.pyenoidosa group and the S.cerevisiae group (P<0.05).However,the Artemia nauplii fed with powder of C.pyenoidosa had significantly higher high unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) content and EPA content than the fermented shrimp flakes group as well as the S.cerevisiae group (P<0.05).The outcome of this study provided that fermented shrimp flakes and powder of C.pyenoidosa had advantages in enhancing the nutrition of Artemia,and could be used for Artemia production and nutrient enhancement.

Key words: Artemia nauplii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, powder of Chlorella pyenoidosa, fermented shrimp flake, growth, nutritional composition

中图分类号:

S967

吴水清, 吴建绍, 郭少鹏, 温凭, 仇登高, 李雷斌, 罗辉玉. 饵料对卤虫幼体生长、存活和营养组成的影响[J]. 渔业研究, 2024, 46(1): 29-37.

WU Shuiqing, WU Jianshao, GUO Shaopeng, WEN Ping, QIU Denggao, LI Leibin, LUO Huiyu. The effects of different diets on the growth, survival and nutritional composition of Artemia nauplii[J]. Journal of Fisheries Research, 2024, 46(1): 29-37.

图/表 5

参考文献 46

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饵料 Diets	初始体长/μm Initial length	终末体长/μm Final length	体长增长量/μm Body length growth	增长率/% Growth rate	特定生长率/(%/d) Specific growth rate
酵母 S.cerevisiae	404.15±18.81	1 070.75±84.32^b	666.60±57.75^b	164.94±4.16^b	16.24±0.56^b
小球藻藻粉 Powder of C.pyenoidosa	404.15±18.81	1 101.46±91.67^b	697.31±61.71^b	172.54±5.14^b	16.71±0.49^b
发酵虾片 Fermented shrimp flake	404.15±18.81	1 234.54±102.32^a	830.39±86.08^a	205.47±8.02^a	18.61±0.69^a

饵料 Diets	初始体长/μm Initial length	终末体长/μm Final length	体长增长量/μm Body length growth	增长率/% Growth rate	特定生长率/(%/d) Specific growth rate
酵母 S.cerevisiae	404.15±18.81	1 070.75±84.32^b	666.60±57.75^b	164.94±4.16^b	16.24±0.56^b
小球藻藻粉 Powder of C.pyenoidosa	404.15±18.81	1 101.46±91.67^b	697.31±61.71^b	172.54±5.14^b	16.71±0.49^b
发酵虾片 Fermented shrimp flake	404.15±18.81	1 234.54±102.32^a	830.39±86.08^a	205.47±8.02^a	18.61±0.69^a

饵料 Diets	粗蛋白Crude protein	粗脂肪Crude fat	水分Moisture	灰分Ash
卤虫无节幼体 Artemia nauplii	52.68±0.303^c	11.93±0.033^a	90.65±0.183^d	21.56±0.009^a
酵母 S.cerevisiae	63.19±0.551^b	8.65±0.056^d	93.33±0.103^a	10.92±0.053^b
小球藻藻粉 Powder of C.pyenoidosa	66.50±0.231^a	9.76±0.333^c	91.88±0.046^c	11.49±0.007^b
发酵虾片 Fermented shrimp flake	67.68±0.097^a	10.44±0.347^b	92.90±0.359^b	11.73±0.037^b

饵料 Diets	粗蛋白Crude protein	粗脂肪Crude fat	水分Moisture	灰分Ash
卤虫无节幼体 Artemia nauplii	52.68±0.303^c	11.93±0.033^a	90.65±0.183^d	21.56±0.009^a
酵母 S.cerevisiae	63.19±0.551^b	8.65±0.056^d	93.33±0.103^a	10.92±0.053^b
小球藻藻粉 Powder of C.pyenoidosa	66.50±0.231^a	9.76±0.333^c	91.88±0.046^c	11.49±0.007^b
发酵虾片 Fermented shrimp flake	67.68±0.097^a	10.44±0.347^b	92.90±0.359^b	11.73±0.037^b

氨基酸 Amino acids	卤虫无节幼体 Artemia nauplii	酵母 S.cerevisiae	小球藻藻粉 Powder of C.pyenoidosa	发酵虾片 Fermented shrimp flake
丙氨酸 Ala	3.34±0.020^d	4.50±0.065^c	5.29±0.047^b	5.62±0.057^a
精氨酸Arg^#	3.86±0.022^d	4.64±0.036^c	4.94±0.076^b	5.35±0.050^a
天门冬氨酸 Asp	4.89±0.036^d	6.74±0.078^c	6.99±0.100^b	7.26±0.079^a
谷氨酸 Glu	7.57±0.033^d	9.94±0.115^c	10.36±0.111^b	11.20±0.115^a
甘氨酸 Gly	2.90±0.018^d	4.09±0.054^c	4.27±0.043^b	4.54±0.044^a
组氨酸 His^#	1.22±0.011^d	1.50±0.018^c	1.64±0.033^b	1.74±0.012^a
异亮氨酸 Ile^#	2.67±0.018^d	3.43±0.056^c	3.69±0.050^b	3.92±0.053^a
亮氨酸 Leu^#	3.84±0.019^d	5.03±0.075^c	5.27±0.081^b	5.69±0.072^a
赖氨酸 Lys^#	4.60±0.032^d	5.21±0.065^c	6.05±0.079^b	6.22±0.051^a
蛋氨酸 Met^#	1.07±0.059^b	1.60±0.064^a	1.49±0.354^a	1.69±0.060^a
苯丙氨酸 Phe^#	2.44±0.025^d	3.19±0.023^c	3.51±0.040^b	3.65±0.024^a
脯氨酸 Pro	2.62±0.028^d	3.41±0.078^c	3.58±0.053^b	3.89±0.068^a
丝氨酸 Ser	2.90±0.022^c	3.81±0.054^b	4.17±0.071^a	4.18±0.050^a
苏氨酸 Thr^#	2.57±0.015^d	3.52±0.036^c	3.85±0.041^b	4.03±0.036^a
酪氨酸 Tyr	2.39±0.028^c	2.99±0.054^ab	3.03±0.122^a	2.89±0.035^b
缬氨酸 Val^#	3.18±0.029^a	4.30±0.021^a	4.61±0.045^a	4.78±0.034^a
胱氨酸 Cys	0.68±0.026^b	0.85±0.032^a	0.86±0.009^a	0.86±0.006^a
色氨酸 Trp^#	0.41±0.006^c	0.52±0.008^b	0.54±0.009^a	0.51±0.018^b
总氨基酸 TAA	53.15±0.313^d	69.26±0.851^c	74.14±1.254^b	78.02±0.801^a
必需氨基酸 EAA	25.86±0.275^d	32.94±0.465^c	35.58±0.429^b	37.58±0.584^a
必需氨基酸/总氨基酸EAA /TAA	48.65	47.56	48.00	48.17