鸭绿江上游和下游斑鳜肌肉常规营养成分及脂肪酸组成分析

doi:10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2023.06.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解鸭绿江上游和下游斑鳜(Siniperca scherzeri)肌肉营养品质的差异, 本文对其肌肉常规营养成分含量、脂肪酸组成与含量进行测定和比较分析。结果显示:鸭绿江上游斑鳜粗脂肪含量显著高于下游斑鳜(P<0.05),两者肌肉中的水分、粗蛋白、灰分含量差异不显著(P>0.05);鸭绿江上游和下游斑鳜肌肉中分别含有16种和17种脂肪酸,上游斑鳜肌肉中饱和脂肪酸占35.886%、单不饱和脂肪酸占34.184%、多不饱和脂肪酸占29.922%,下游斑鳜肌肉中饱和脂肪酸占34.913%、单不饱和脂肪酸占34.895%、多不饱和脂肪酸占30.181%;从脂肪酸的组成特征来看,上游斑鳜肌肉中必需脂肪酸占11.735%、ω-6/ω-3比值为0.919、DHA+EPA含量占11.672%,下游斑鳜肌肉中必需脂肪酸占9.571%、ω-6/ω-3比值为0.781、DHA+EPA含量占12.939%。结果表明,鸭绿江斑鳜肌肉必需脂肪酸组成相对平衡,且含量较为丰富。以必需脂肪酸、ω-3系列多不饱和脂肪酸和ω-6系列多不饱和脂肪酸作为评价指标,上游斑鳜肌肉脂肪酸营养价值较下游斑鳜高。

关键词: 斑鳜, 肌肉, 脂肪酸, 鸭绿江

Abstract:

To figure out the different nutritional quality of S.scherzeri muscle from different habitats, this study determined and compared the nutritional compositions, as well as fatty acids composition and content of S.scherzeri. The results showed that there was significantly higher crude fat content in the muscle of S.scherzeri in upstream area than that in the muscle of S.scherzeri in downstream area (P<0.05), without significance in content of moisture, crude protein and ash between these two groups (P>0.05). There are 16 kinds of fatty acids in the muscle of S.scherzeri in upstream area and 17 in downstream area. The saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids occupied 35.886%, 34.184% and 29.922% in the muscle of S.scherzeri in upstream area, occupied 34.913%, 34.895% and 30.181% in the muscle of S.scherzeri in downstream area, respectively. And for the composition of fatty acid, the essential fatty acid occupied 11.735%, the ratio of ω-6/ω-3 was 0.919,EPA and DHA was 11.672% in the muscle of S.scherzeri in upstream area. The essential fatty acid occupied 9.571%, the ratio of ω-6/ω-3 was 0.781,EPA and DHA was 12.939% in the muscle of S.scherzeri in downstream area. In conclusion,the nutritive value of fatty acid in the muscle of S.scherzeri in upstream area was better than that of S.scherzeri in downstream area.

Key words: Siniperca scherzeri, muscle, fatty acid, Yalu River

中图分类号:

S986.1

蒋湘辉, 王兴兵, 寇凌霄, 魏洪祥, 刘勇, 张涛. 鸭绿江上游和下游斑鳜肌肉常规营养成分及脂肪酸组成分析[J]. 渔业研究, 2023, 45(6): 569-576.

JIANG Xianghui, WANG Xingbing, KOU Lingxiao, WEI Hongxiang, LIU Yong, ZHANG Tao. A comparative study on the nutrient and fatty acid composition in muscle of Siniperca scherzeri in upstream and downstream area of Yalu River[J]. Journal of Fisheries Research, 2023, 45(6): 569-576.

图/表 4

参考文献 51

[1]	解玉浩. 东北地区淡水鱼类[M]. 沈阳: 辽宁科学技术出版社, 2007:369-371.
[2]	姜景田, 吕伟志, 许方学. 鸭绿江斑鳜人工繁育试验[J]. 内陆水产, 2005(12): 24-25.
[3]	原平, 徐英杰. 鸭绿江斑鳜人工育苗试验报告[J]. 齐鲁渔业, 2008, 25(5):18-19.
[4]	闫有利, 李敬伟, 郭冰, 等. 斑鳜的人工繁殖与苗种培育试验[J]. 水产科学, 2009, 28(2):97-99.
[5]	骆小年, 李军, 赵晓临, 等. 鸭绿江斑鳜开口饵料初步研究[J]. 水产学杂志, 2009, 22(1):31-34.
[6]	骆小年, 李军, 赵晓临, 等. 鸭绿江斑鳜规模化人工繁殖技术研究[J]. 水产学杂志, 2010, 23(2):25-28.
[7]	高健. 斑鳜网箱养殖技术[J]. 齐鲁渔业, 2007, 24(8):30.
[8]	王丹, 李文宽, 闫有利, 等. 鸭绿江斑鳜胚胎及胚后发育观察[J]. 大连水产学院学报, 2007, 22(6):415-420.
[9]	王伟伟, 赵金良, 李思发. 我国斑鳜不同群体mtDNA控制区序列的遗传变异[J]. 上海水产大学学报, 2006, 15(4):398-402.
[10]	王伟伟, 赵金良, 李思发. 我国斑鳜六个群体mtDNA Cyt b序列的遗传变异[J]. 动物学研究, 2006, 27(6):589-593.
[11]	杨培民, 赵晓临, 夏大明, 等. 野生与人工养殖鸭绿江斑鳜肌肉营养成分及品质评价[J]. 水生态学杂志, 2010, 3(1):142-146.
[12]	冉辉, 姚俊杰, 梁正其, 等. 锦江河大眼鳜和斑鳜肌肉营养成分及氨基酸组成分析[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2012, 51(14):3072-3075.
[13]	冉辉, 姚俊杰, 杨兴, 等. 锦江河大眼鳜和斑鳜肌肉中脂肪酸组成的比较[J]. 淡水渔业, 2012, 42(4):91-93.
[14]	李燕, 史建华, 李永强, 等. 翘嘴鳜、斑鳜和杂交鳜鱼体营养成分和氨基酸、脂肪酸组成的比较分析[J]. 水产科技情报, 2015, 42(5):246-250.
[15]	符贵红, 褚武英, 成嘉, 等. 大眼鳜和斑鳜肌肉营养成分分析[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(34):15022-15023,15026.
[16]	许荟, 李佳佳, 严维辉, 等. 不同环境因素对克氏原螯虾后代幼虾生长状况的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2022, 50(4):143-147.
[17]	郭宏慧, 杨方, 高沛, 等. 不同养殖水域中华绒螯蟹滋味差异分析[J]. 渔业科学进展, 2010, 43(2):215-227.
[18]	张赛赛. 中国辽宁地区刀鲚(Coilia nasus)遗传多样性研究[D]. 大连: 大连海洋大学, 2016.
[19]	陈晓婷, 林瑜, 路海霞, 等. 4种石斑鱼肌肉中营养成分分析与评价[J]. 渔业研究, 2020, 42 (5): 463-472.
[20]	杨兴丽, 周晓林, 常东洲, 等. 池养与野生黄颡鱼肌肉营养成分分析[J]. 水利渔业, 2004(5):17-18.
[21]	孟玉琼, 马睿, 申屠基康, 等. 野生和配合饲料养殖大黄鱼品质的比较研究[J]. 中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 46 (11) :108-116.
[22]	秦志清, 梁萍, 林建斌, 等. 闽江马口鱼肌肉营养成分分析与评价[J]. 渔业研究, 2022, 44(5):508-515. DOI
[23]	李忠莹, 丁红秀, 张露, 等. 不同生境来源的草鱼肌肉营养品质比较[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2021, 47(17):133-139. DOI
[24]	Yan H Z. Processing technology of flavor dried flossy fish-meat[J]. Food and Machinery, 2002, 1:37-38.
[25]	魏广莲, 徐钢春, 顾若波, 等. 刀鲚和湖鲚幼鱼生长代谢及肌肉脂肪酸的差异分析[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2013, 22(6) :862-867.
[26]	Hernandez L P, Patterson S E, Devoto S H. The development of muscle fiber type identity in zebrafish cranial muscles[J]. Anatomy and Embryology, 2005, 209(4):323-334. PMID
[27]	Yee D A, Juliano S A. Consequences of detritus type in an aquatic microsystem: effects on water quality, micro-organisms and performance of the dominant consumer[J]. Freshwater Biology, 2006, 51(3): 448-459. PMID
[28]	类延菊, 贠文霞, 杨品红, 等. 野生与养殖翘嘴鲌肉质的比较研究[J]. 淡水渔业, 2021, 51(3):74-81.
[29]	Cottin S C, Alsaleh A, Sanders T A B, et al. Lack of effect of supplementation with EPA or DHA on platelet-monocyte aggregates and vascular function in healthy men[J]. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2016, 26(8): 743-751. DOI URL
[30]	Zhuang H Q, Liu J Q, Liao C, et al. Analysis of fatty acids in the muscle of 8 species of needlefish[J]. Food & Machinery, 2020, 36(6):60-65,70.
[31]	林婉玲, 韩迎雪, 李来好, 等. 6种鲤科鱼肌肉脂肪的脂肪酸组成比较及相关性分析[J]. 中国油脂, 2019, 44(10):29-34.
[32]	庄海旗, 刘江琴, 崔燎, 等. 6种鳀科鱼脂肪酸组成比较及相关性分析[J]. 南方农业学报, 2018, 49(3):556-562.
[33]	连晨阳, 秦志清, 陈志, 等. 3种罗非鱼肌肉营养成分比较与评价[J]. 水产养殖, 2022, 43(4):17-22.
[34]	谢瑞涛, 黄凯, 肖昕, 等. 江黄颡鱼鱼苗与雌雄亲鱼肌肉脂肪酸组成分析[J]. 广西农业科学, 2009, 40(7):911-914.
[35]	Thomsen C, Rasmussen O, Lousen T, et al. Differential effects of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids on postprandial lipemia and incretin responses in healthy subjects[J]. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999, 69(6): 1135-1143. PMID
[36]	Gogus U, Smith C. n-3 Omega fatty acids: a review of current knowledge[J]. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 2010, 45(3): 417-436.
[37]	郝淑贤, 李来好, 杨贤庆, 等. 5种罗非鱼营养成分分析及评价[J]. 营养学报, 2007, 29(6):614-615,618.
[38]	Yuan Y H, Li S L, Mai K S, et al. The effect of dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) on growth performance, fatty acid composition and expression of ARA metabolism-related genes in larval half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)[J]. British Journal of Nutrition, 2015, 113(10): 1518-1530. DOI URL
[39]	苏胜齐, 张海琪, 何中央, 等. 翘嘴鳜和斑鳜肌肉营养成分及氨基酸组成比较[J]. 西南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 27(6): 898-901.
[40]	徐继林, 朱艺峰, 严小军. 养殖与野生大黄鱼肌肉脂肪组成的比较[J]. 营养学报, 2005, 27(3):256-257,260.
[41]	蒋湘辉, 杨培民. 大洋河刀鲚繁殖前后肌肉营养成分分析[J]. 水产科学, 2021, 40(6):835-842.
[42]	孙翔宇, 高贵田, 段爱莉, 等. 多不饱和脂肪酸的研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技, 2012, 33(7):418-423.
[43]	王利华, 霍贵成. ω-3不饱和脂肪酸的生物学作用[J]. 东北农业大学学报, 2001, 32(1):100-104.
[44]	Dyall S C. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and the brain: a review of the independent and shared effects of EPA,DPA and DHA[J]. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2015, 7:52-55.
[45]	过正乾, 蒋飞, 许祥, 等. 野生和养殖鲤鱼肌肉营养成分的比较研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2012, 40(31):15292-15294,15296.
[46]	毕青竹. 大菱鲆脂肪和脂肪酸品质及其营养调控[D]. 上海: 上海海洋大学, 2021.
[47]	汪涛, 沈勇, 孙龙生, 等. 梭鲈与加州鲈、鳜鱼的肌肉品质比较[J]. 水产养殖, 2020, 41(7):17-23.
[48]	Simopoulos A P. Genetic variants in the metabolism of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids: their role in the determination of nutritional requirements and chronic disease risk[J]. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2010, 235(7):785-795. DOI URL
[49]	Lawrence G D. The fats of life: essential fatty acids in health and disease[M]. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 2010:16-29.
[50]	Loftsson T, Ilievska B, Asgrimsdottir G, et al. Fatty acids from marine lipids: biological activity, formulation and stability[J]. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 2016, 34:71-77. DOI URL
[51]	Bibus D, Lands B. Balancing proportions of competing omega-3 and omega-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in tissue lipids[J]. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 2015, 99:19-23. DOI URL

成分 Compound	背景值/(mg/100g) Background value	加标量/(mg/100g) Added content	实测值/(mg/100g) Found	回收率/% Recovery rate	相对标准偏差/% RSD
棕榈酸C_16:0	15.8	1	16.61	81.0	3.45
		2	17.59	89.5	3.96
		5	20.38	91.6	4.72
油酸C_18:1n9c	19.7	1	20.58	88.0	3.93
		2	21.55	92.5	4.69
		5	24.46	95.2	4.05

成分 Compound	背景值/(mg/100g) Background value	加标量/(mg/100g) Added content	实测值/(mg/100g) Found	回收率/% Recovery rate	相对标准偏差/% RSD
棕榈酸C_16:0	15.8	1	16.61	81.0	3.45
		2	17.59	89.5	3.96
		5	20.38	91.6	4.72
油酸C_18:1n9c	19.7	1	20.58	88.0	3.93
		2	21.55	92.5	4.69
		5	24.46	95.2	4.05

种类 Speceies		平均体质量/g Average body mass	平均体长/mm Average body length	水分/% Moisture	粗蛋白/% Crude protein	粗脂肪/% Crude fat	粗灰分/% Crude Ash
上游斑鳜 S.scherzeri in upstream area	196.52±22.59^*		207±2.45	76.5±2.70	19.1±0.52	2.0±0.16^**	1.12±0.01
下游斑鳜 S.scherzeri in downstream area	175.33±18.42		202±3.17	74.9±3.10	19.4±0.74	1.2±0.19	1.19±0.02

种类 Speceies		平均体质量/g Average body mass	平均体长/mm Average body length	水分/% Moisture	粗蛋白/% Crude protein	粗脂肪/% Crude fat	粗灰分/% Crude Ash
上游斑鳜 S.scherzeri in upstream area	196.52±22.59^*		207±2.45	76.5±2.70	19.1±0.52	2.0±0.16^**	1.12±0.01
下游斑鳜 S.scherzeri in downstream area	175.33±18.42		202±3.17	74.9±3.10	19.4±0.74	1.2±0.19	1.19±0.02

脂肪酸 Fatty acids	成分 Components	鸭绿江上游斑鳜 S.scherzeri in upstream area of Yalu River		鸭绿江下游斑鳜 S.scherzeri in downstream area of Yalu River
饱和脂肪酸 SFA	肉豆蔻酸C_14:0	3.702±0.54^*	35.886±5.58	2.514±0.21	34.913±2.46
	十五碳酸C_15:0	0.529±0.08		0.455±0.07
	棕榈酸C_16:0	20.608±3.35		21.633±1.02
	十七碳酸C_17:0	0.790±0.14		0.670±0.09
	硬脂酸C_18:0	4.925±0.81		6.325±0.42^*
	二十碳酸C_20:0	5.332±0.61^**		3.316±0.49
单不饱和脂肪酸 MUFA	棕榈油酸C_16:1	8.091±0.48	34.184±3.99	11.969±0.83^**	34.895±2.01
	油酸C_18:1n9c	25.608±2.67^*		22.350±0.96
	十碳一烯酸C_20:1	0.485±0.09		0.576±0.04
多不饱和脂肪酸 PUFA	亚油酸C_18:2n6c	8.010±0.59^*	29.922±2.75	7.057±0.52	30.181±2.73
	γ-亚麻酸C_18:3n6	0.292±0.05		0.245±0.08
	α-亚麻酸C_18:3n3	3.725±0.31^*		2.514±0.12
	二十碳二烯酸C_20:2	—		1.632±0.06
	花生四烯酸(ARA) C_20:4n6	5.844±0.72		5.315±0.86
	二十二碳二烯酸C_22:2	0.379±0.06		0.479±0.04
	二十碳五烯酸(EPA) C_20:5n3	3.623±0.11		5.654±0.18^**
	二十二碳六烯酸(DHA) C_22:6n3	8.049±0.73^*		7.285±0.93
不饱和脂肪酸Unsaturated fatty acid		64.106±6.25		65.076±4.79
必需脂肪酸EFA		11.735±1.02^*		9.571±0.69
DHA+EPA		11.672±0.78		12.939±1.04
ω-3系列多不饱和脂肪酸ω- 3 series of polyunsaturated fatty acids		15.397±1.16^**		12.953±1.18
ω-6系列多不饱和脂肪酸ω- 6 series of polyunsaturated fatty acids		14.146±0.98^**		10.117±1.43
ω-6/ω-3		0.919		0.781