Table of Content

25 February 2024, Volume 46 Issue 1

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Research Paper

Study on the differential expression of temperature tolerance related genes in Apostichopus japonicus between south-cultivated in Fujian Province and north-cultivated groups

ZHU Zhihuang, LIN Qi, WU Jianshao, YANG Qiuhua

2024, 46(1):  1-10.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2024.01.001

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In this study,juvenile A.japonicus (experimental group) were purchased from northern China and reared in southern China under natural water temperature for one year.The same age seedlings of juvenile A.japonicus (control group) were directly collected from northern China to compare their thermal resistance with those of the experimental group.The study of thermal limits showed that the sublethal temperature of A.japonicus in the experimental group was 32 °C,significantly higher than the 30 °C in the control group.The ULTs₅₀ of A.japonicus in the experimental and control groups were 33.1 °C and 31.9 °C,respectively.These results demonstrated that the thermal history influenced the upper thermal limit of A.japonicus,and A.japonicus undergoing continuous thermal shock would possess stronger thermal resistance.Additionally,the expression patterns of HSP90a,gp96,HSP70,HSP26,and proeintl(2)efl genes after heat shock for 1,2,and 3 hours between the experimental and control groups were analyzed using qRT-PCR.The expression patterns of HSP90a,gp96,HSP70,HSP26,and proeintl(2)efl genes were different between the experimental and control groups.At 30 °C heat shock,the gene expressions of HSP90a,gp96,HSP70,and HSP26 in the control group did not noticeably increase after stimulation for 1 and 2 hours but were significantly up-regulated at 3 hours,with expression values reaching (9.801±1.303),(2.508±0.910),(8.649±1.936),and (34.787±4.978),respectively.However,all of the HSP90a,gp96,HSP70,and HSP26 gene expressions in the experimental group were dramatically up-regulated at 1 hour at 30 °C,with expression values reaching (42.000±8.798),(20.019±6.224),(218.750±78.701),and (93.710±5.674),respectively.These four temperature-tolerant related genes detected in the present study in the experimental group were up-regulated earlier than those in the control group,indicating a higher ability of A.japonicus in the experimental group to respond adaptively to heat shock than that in the control group.Therefore,the research showed that A.japonicus undergoing high temperature acclimation could respond earlier to external environmental heat conditions.

Histological observation on the gonadal development of the parental Thamnaconus modestus during early reproductive regulation

MAO Xintong, LIU Liming, WANG Jiulong, LIU Yan, WU Yanqing, JIANG Hongli, XU Wengang

2024, 46(1):  11-18.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2024.01.002

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This study aimed to understand the gonadal development and reproductive characteristics of the black scraper (T.modestus) before and after spawning.From November 2021 to March 2022,the parent fish were collected for five times,with three males and three females at each time.The total length,body weight,hepatopancreas index and gonadosomatic index were measured every time.At the same time,paraffin-embedded sections and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to observe the gonadal development.The results showed that under artificial temperature control,the gonad weight and gonadosomatic index of the female and male parental T.modestus reached the maximum in February,and entered the peak period of sexual maturity,which was significantly higher than that in other months (P<0.05),suggesting that the parent fish reached the peak of maturity in February under the condition of artificially controlled water temperature.The spawning type of T.modestus was asynchronous and batch spawning,and the ovarian development of T.modestus could be divided into six phases,which was peri-nucleolus,yolk vesicle,primary yolk,secondary yolk,teritary yolk,and ripe stage,respectively.The testis development of T.odestus could be divided into five phases,which was spermatogonium,primary spermatocyte,secondary spermatocyte,spermatid and spermatozoa,respectively.In conclusion,this study investigated the morphological characteristics,organizational structure and developmental rules at different gonadal development stages of T.modestus,which may enrich the basic data of reproductive biology and provide scientific basis for artificial breeding and seed production of T.modestus.

Estimation of heritability of growth traits in the juvenile fish stages of Takifugu rubripes

PAN Hanbai, YU Hailong, TIAN Yi, CAO Lirong, MA Wenchao, XU Mingjie, WANG Yusen, WANG Peiyang, XIANG Xuejian, QIU Xuemei, BAO Yulong, LIU Shengcong, WANG Xiuli

2024, 46(1):  19-28.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2024.01.003

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In order to obtain the heritability of growth traits in juvenile T.rubripes,and to exert the important role of heritability in guiding breeding work,the body mass,body length and total length of 2 900 juvenile T.rubripes at 1,2 and 4 months old were measured using the whole sib family of T.rubripes constructed in 2022.The heritability of these three growth traits was estimated by the whole sib correlation method and its formula.The phenotypic correlations among these three growth traits were calculated by Pearson coefficient.The genetic correlation of these three growth traits was calculated by sib covariance method.The results showed that the heritability of the 1-month-old juvenile T.rubripes was 0.54 (body mass heritability),0.39 (body length heritability) and 0.36 (full length heritability),respectively,all of which belonged to the high heritability.The genetic correlation between body length and body mass was 0.889 and the phenotypic correlation was 0.851.The genetic and phenotypic correlations of body mass were 0.873 and 0.864,respectively.The genetic correlation between body length and total length was 0.947 and the phenotypic correlation was 0.894.Heritability of body mass,body length and full-length at 2 months old were 0.28,0.23 and 0.25,respectively,all belonging to the medium heritability.The genetic correlation between body length and body mass was 0.828 and phenotypic correlation was 0.917.The genetic correlation and phenotypic correlation were 0.820 and 0.932,respectively.The genetic correlation between body length and total length was 0.897 and the phenotypic correlation was 0.952.At 4 months old,the heritability of body mass,body length and full length were 0.23,0.29 and 0.29,respectively,which belonged to the medium heritability.The genetic correlation between body length and body mass was 0.769,the phenotypic correlation was 0.779,the genetic correlation between body mass and body length was 0.726,and the phenotypic correlation was 0.801.The genetic and phenotypic correlations between body length and total length were 0.912 and 0.941,respectively.The results of this study can provide reference for the subsequent breeding of T.rubripes.

The effects of different diets on the growth, survival and nutritional composition of Artemia nauplii

WU Shuiqing, WU Jianshao, GUO Shaopeng, WEN Ping, QIU Denggao, LI Leibin, LUO Huiyu

2024, 46(1):  29-37.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2024.01.004

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Artemia is an important biological feed for aquatic animals.In this study,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,powder of Chlorella pyenoidosa,and fermented shrimp flake were fed to new hatched Artemia nauplii to evaluate the effects of different diets on the growth,survival,and nutritional composition of Artemia nauplii.Results showed that after 6 days feeding,the fermented shrimp flake feed group had the largest average body length,which were significantly larger than that of the S.cerevisiae group and the powder of C.pyenoidosa group (P<0.05).The survival rate of Artemia nauplii fed with S.cerevisiae was the lowest,but there were no significant differences between the powder of C.pyenoidosa group and the fermented shrimp flake group (P>0.05).After 6 days feeding,the crude protein content of Artemia nauplii significantly increased,but the crude fat content significantly decreased compared to Artemia nauplii (P<0.05).The protein content of Artemia nauplii in the powder of C.pyenoidosa group and the fermented shrimp flakes group was significantly higher than that in the S.cerevisiae group (P<0.05).Furthermore,the highest crude fat content was obtained in Artemia nauplii that were fed with the fermented shrimp flakes.The fermented shrimp flakes group had the highest total amino acid (TAA) content and essential amino acid (EAA) content.All experimental groups contained high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA),but the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was undetectable.The total fatty acid content and polyunsaturated fatty acid content in the fermented shrimp flakes group were significantly higher than those in the powder of C.pyenoidosa group and the S.cerevisiae group (P<0.05).However,the Artemia nauplii fed with powder of C.pyenoidosa had significantly higher high unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) content and EPA content than the fermented shrimp flakes group as well as the S.cerevisiae group (P<0.05).The outcome of this study provided that fermented shrimp flakes and powder of C.pyenoidosa had advantages in enhancing the nutrition of Artemia,and could be used for Artemia production and nutrient enhancement.

The effect of carotenoids on the body color of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis

ZHANG Yuanchang

2024, 46(1):  38-48.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2024.01.005

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To study the effect of carotenoids on the body color of red,yellow and blue strains of N.denticulata sinensis,this study used TLC (thin-layer chromatography) to analyze the main pigment compositions of 3 strains of N.denticulata sinensis.According to the results,the effects of carotenoids on the body color of 3 strains of N.denticulata sinensis were tested.The TLC analysis was used to separate the dermis and extract the pigment of 3 strains of N.denticulata sinensis.The feeding trials were conducted in light and dark,while 300 shrimps from each strain were divided into thirty groups,with three replicates in each group.The control group was fed with basic feed,while the other four groups were fed with basic feed added Spirulina,lutein,natural-astaxanthin and artificial-astaxanthin.The results showed that the pigment substances of red,yellow,and blue strains of N.denticulata sinensis contained β-carotene and astaxanthin;the pigment substances of blue N.denticulata sinensis contained a combination of crustacyanin and astaxanthin.The feeding trials showed that in yellow strain and blue strain,natural-astaxanthin had the most obvious effect on the body color promotion.Under the dark condition,lutein,natural-astaxanthin and artificial-astaxanthin had certain promotion and maintenance effects on the body color of red strain and yellow strain.The four carotenoid additives had no effect on the body color in blue strain.This study provided a theoretical basis for improving body color of N.denticulata sinensis.

Potential effects of microplastic contamination on muscle tissue metabolism of Katsuwonus pelamis in the Eastern Pacific Ocean

WU Lijun, PAN Zhong, LI Weiwen, DAI Xiaojie, HE Weiyi, HUANG Hao, OU Danyun, WANG Lei

2024, 46(1):  49-59.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2024.01.006

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Microplastic pollution is widespread worldwide and can enter organisms by ingestion or inhalation.In this study,an experimental group (with microplastics) and a control group (no microplastics detected) were set up,and a non-targeted metabolomic analysis was performed on K.pelamis muscle tissue from the Eastern Pacific Ocean using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to investigate the potential effects of microplastic contamination on their metabolites.The results showed that a total of 34 metabolites were significantly different,of which 19 differential metabolites were up-regulated and 15 differential metabolites were down-regulated.The differential metabolite analysis showed that methylmalonic acid and propionic acid were up-regulated to induce neurological disorders and may be responsible for the abnormal swimming pattern of K.pelamis.The metabolite content of 20-hydroxyarachidonic acid in the metabolites of K.pelamis muscle tissue was significantly upregulated (P=0.003) and the difference multiplier was 6.002-folds.Arachidonic acid metabolism was closely related to hepatic disorders of glycolipid metabolism and its abnormal metabolism may affect disorders of glycolipid metabolism.Malic acid downregulation might put K.pelamis at risk of bacterial infection.In contrast,glycerol-3-phosphate,creatine phosphate and hydroxy cumene glycosides were up-regulated as a self-protective mechanism for K.pelamis in response to microplastic accumulation.Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that different metabolites were mainly enriched in metabolism,bile secretion,propionate metabolism,proximal tubular bicarbonate recycling,ethylbenzene degradation,glycerophospholipid metabolism,and cholesterol metabolism.Among them,cholesterol metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism were involved in building biofilms and maintaining the basic life activities of the organism;while ethylbenzene degradation and propionate metabolism were used to alleviate toxicity in vivo;and proximal tubular bicarbonate recycling was responsible for mediating blood pH.The results of the study provided some reference significance for the toxicology of microplastic pollution on marine fish.

Investigation of fish resources in the headwaters of Chishui River

CHEN Wenshan, CHEN Bolin, LU Qun, LIU Jianhu, HE Tao, YANG Feng

2024, 46(1):  60-68.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2024.01.007

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To monitor fish resources and biodiversity in the headwaters of Chishui River,a comprehensive investigation was conducted using both traditional catch methods and environmental DNA (eDNA) technology from 2020 to 2021.A total of 48 fish species were identified,representing 4 orders,10 families,and 41 genera.Traditional fishing methods captured 23 fish species,spanning 2 orders,5 families,and 22 genera,while eDNA technology expanded the detection to encompass 4 orders,8 families,38 genera,and 40 species.In the analysis of fish species composition,the relative importance index (IRI) highlighted Schizothorax grahami,Acrossocheilus yunnanensis,Zacco platypus,and Semilabeo prochilus as the dominant species in the river section of the reserve.The Shannon-Wiener index registered at 2.99,indicating relatively rich overall fish resources and a relatively stable community structure.The catch Margalef index (D) reached 3.31,affirming the richness of fish species in the monitoring area,with a stable composition and population structure.Further assessment revealed a catch evenness index of 0.66,indicating a uniform distribution of population structure.Notably,differences in fish resources between the main river and tributaries were observed.Based on these findings,future conservation efforts should prioritize the core protection zone of the main stream,enhancing measures for fish diversity protection.Additionally,targeted interventions to restore tributary resources should be progressively implemented to elevate the overall resource level.This study provides valuable insights into the diverse fish species,their distribution,and recommendations for effective conservation strategies in the headwaters of Chishui River.

The community structure and biodiversity of nekton in Xiamen sea area, Fujian Province

ZHU Jianxin

2024, 46(1):  69-84.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2024.01.008

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In light of the beam trawl survey conducted in the Xiamen sea area during April (spring) and November (autumn) of 2021,this study delves into an analysis of the community structure and biodiversity of nekton within this marine region.The findings unveiled a diverse array,encompassing 176 nekton species,categorized into 18 orders,71 families,and 124 genera.This encompassed 107 fish species,18 shrimp species,35 crab species,8 Stomatopoda species,and 8 Cephalopoda species.Regarding the quantitative aspects,the recorded biomass and abundance of nekton were determined as 281.40 kg·km^-2 and 14.49× 10³ ind·km^-2,respectively.Notably,marked spatial and temporal variations were observed across the surveyed stations.Specifically,the resource density exhibited notable disparities,with the eastern waters and Tong’an Bay of the Xiamen sea area displaying relatively higher concentrations.Moreover,the resource density in autumn significantly surpassed that in spring.The relative importance index (IRI) highlighted distinct dominant species across the seasons.Parapenaeopsis hardwickii,Parapenaeopsis cultrirostris,and Chiloscyllium plagiosum were dominant during spring,whereas Johnius belengerii and Leiognathus brevirostris took precedence in autumn.These dominant species primarily comprised groups characterized by small individuals,abbreviated life cycles,and comparatively lower nutritional levels.Analysis of nekton indices revealed substantial variability in richness,with relatively significant fluctuations.Conversely,diversity and evenness indices displayed minor alterations.Notably,spring exhibited significantly lower values than autumn,positioning the biodiversity at a moderate level.Furthermore,noteworthy interdecadal alterations in the nekton community structure were evident.Through these observations,this study contributes valuable insights into the dynamic composition,seasonal variations,and structural changes within the nekton community in the Xiamen sea area,offering a comprehensive understanding of its biodiversity and ecological dynamics.

Morphological characteristic and molecular identification of Myxobolus wulii found in dorsolateral muscle and hepatopancreas of diseased goldfish(Carassius auratus)

WANG Xiaoliang, CAO Huan, WANG Shu, LÜ Xiaonan, WANG Jingbo, ZHANG Wen, WANG Peng, XU Lipu

2024, 46(1):  85-91.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2024.01.009

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In September 2021,the goldfish (C.auratus) cultured at two adjacent ornamental fish farms in Tongzhou District of Beijing suffered from sporidiosis,and displayed dorsolateral humps or swollen abdomen,which lost their ornamental value and caused a small number of deaths.In order to identify the specie of parasite and enrich its epidemiological data,the lesion tissues from dorsolateral humps and hepatopancreas of diseased fish were collected.Morphological observation and spores measurement were carried out.18S rDNA gene of the parasites was then cloned,sequenced and analyzed.The results showed that the morphological characteristics of the spore was pyriform in shape,and two polar capsules arranged in an octagonal shape at the front which accounts for about half of the entire length of the spore.The measured data of the spores were 17.58 μm and 18.09 μm in average length,11.02 μm and 11.82 μm in average width,and there were 7-9 loops of polar filaments,which were similar to those of M.wulii. The partial sequences of 18S rDNA gene of the parasites had the highest homology with M.wulii based on blast from GenBank,and the similarity was more than 99%.In addition,in the constructed phylogenetic tree by 18S DNA gene,the isolated spore was also clustered with the M.wulii.Therefore,it was confirmed that the parasites caused goldfish sporidiosis in these two cases were both M.wulii,and this was the first report that M.wulii parasitized in goldfish muscle.

Analysis and suggestions for promotion on tail water treatment mode of eel culture in Fujian Province

ZHONG Guolong

2024, 46(1):  92-100.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2024.01.010

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With the acceleration of China’s ecological civilization construction,the fishery has entered a new era of high-quality development.Eel,as one of the main freshwater aquaculture species of Fujian Province,the problem of its breeding tail water discharge has become increasingly prominent.Four primary treatment modes for eel culture in Fujian Province are currently employed.These modes include the conventional chemical treatment,the improved chemical treatment in industrial circulating water eel culture,the ecological comprehensive planting and breeding treatment,and the double circulation zero discharge eel culture treatment.This paper elucidates the primary technical processes and mode characteristics of eel culture tail water treatment.It also analyzes the key advantages and disadvantages of these processes and modes,and presents recommendations to promote future advancements in eel culture tail water treatment.The findings of this study serve as a valuable reference for enhancing aquaculture tail water treatment technology in Fujian Province,as well as nationwide.

Review

Research progress of isothermal amplification technique applied to the detection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei

TAN Nianqiu, WEI Chunmei, WEN Yusong, FAN Xiaodong

2024, 46(1):  101-110.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2024.01.011

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Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a specialized intracellular parasite that has caused huge economic losses in shrimp aquaculture due to its large outbreaks,and no specific drugs have been found to effectively treat EHP infection.Histopathology and molecular biology are the main methods used to detect EHP.The isothermal amplification method,a key technique in molecular biology,has gained significant attention as a potential field detection method owing to its simplicity,cost-effectiveness,high sensitivity,and specificity.This paper provides a comprehensive review of conventional detection methods for EHP,including loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and recombinase isothermal amplification (RPA),and discusses their applications in EHP detection.The aim is to offer valuable insights for the early detection,efficient prevention,and control of EHP infection,ultimately promoting the sustainable development of shrimp aquaculture.