Table of Content

27 December 2021, Volume 43 Issue 6

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Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of main physicochemical factors in Min River estuary

LIN Jianjie

2021, 43(6):  549-561.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.06.001

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According to the water quality investigation and evaluation results of Min River estuary in spring and autumn, the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the water quality status and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of 10 water quality physical and chemical factors, as well as the land-based pollutants in the runoff of Min River estuary. The results showed that: 1) DIN exceeded the standard, COD and PO43--P exceeded the standard in varying degrees. It was found that DIN pollution was gradually improving through the comparison of data for many years. 2) COD and DIN were gradually decreasing outward with Langqi Island as the center, and the distribution characteristics of PO43--P were opposite. The water quality in spring was slightly worse than that in autumn. 3) DO，NO2--N，NH4+-N and PO43--P were the driving factors of water pollution in the sea area. Among them, SS, NO3--N, NO2--N and NH4+-N mainly came from the runoff input of Min River and became the main pollution source in the sea area of Min River estuary.

Relationship between the water temperature of the Kuroshio, Oyashio and Kuroshio-Oyashio Transition Zone and Cololabis saira resource abundance

ZHANG Peichao ZHANG Xiaomin XU Bingqing LI Shaowen

2021, 43(6):  562-570.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.06.02

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Based on the 1995—2014 global Cololabis saira catch data collected by North Pacific Fisheries Commission，sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) of the Kuroshio Oyashio and Kuroshio-Oyashio Transition Zone from the website of Hawaii University, this paper analyzed the relationship between C. saira resource abundance and SST and SSTA of the Kuroshio, Oyashio and Kuroshio-Oyashio Transition Zone by using the method of grey relation analysis and frequency statistic. The results indicated that the inter-annual variation of C. saira dramatically presented an “on and off-year” phenomenon. The correlation of temperature factor in each month and the saury resource abundance correlation was high and all above 0.6, the order was in turn: SSTAKC1＞SSTAOC7＞SSTAOC9＞SSTATZ6＞SSTATZ5＞SSTATZ4＞SSTAOC8＞SSTAKC2＞SSTOC9＞SSTKC3＞SSTKC2＞SSTTZ6＞SSTTZ5＞SSTOC8＞SSTKC1＞SSTTZ4＞SSTOC7＞SSTAKC3, and SSTA correlation degree was generally higher than that of SST. The optimum range of SSTA and SST were 0～1.5℃ and 14～20℃, respectively. According to K-S test (P<0.01), the range of SSTA and SST were reasonable. The research content could help the Chinese mainland master saury resource abundance abnormal changes ahead of time, which helps to arrange fishing effort reasonably.

Lethal effects of suspended sediment on juvenile and young Acanthopagrus latus in Bachimen waters of Dongshan

YOU Yuanxin

2021, 43(6):  571-577.  DOI: 10.14102/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.06.003

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Based on simulation experiments on changes in suspended sediment concentrations caused by de-silting, dredging and other maritime projects, this paper discusses levels of toxic effects of suspended sediment on Acanthopagrus latus. The results showed that certain effects were observed on juvenile A. latus when suspended sediment concentrations were higher than 40 mg/L, and lethal effects on juvenile A. latus increased notably as concentrations of suspended sediment grew higher and exposure to the sediment extended; on the Zhao’an side of Bachimen waters, the 96-hour LC50 on juvenile A. latus reached 8 111.30 mg/L, and on the Dongshan side of Bachimen waters, the 96-h LC50 on juvenile A. latus reached 21 849.52 mg/L. Prolonged exposure of suspended sediment could result in the adhesion of suspended particles on the body surface and gill filaments of young A. latus, causing shortness of breath and slowing growth in them. This might lead to chronic lethal effects as the cumulative fatality rate of young A. latus could reach 40.0%~42.5% after 30 days exposure to suspended sediment at a concentration of 160 mg/L. The present study showed that massive suspended sediment could have obvious lethal effects on A. latus. It could provide analytical basis for the effects on aquaculture from suspended sediment diffusion in maritime dredging projects.

Phytoplankton community structure and assessment of trophic state in important mariculture area of Dongshan Bay

WU Huixuan

2021, 43(6):  578-586.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.06.004

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According to the seasonal investigations of phytoplankton in May (spring) and August (summer) of 2020, the community structure and biodiversity of important mariculture area of Dongshan Bay were studied. A total of 74 phytoplankton species in 40 genera and 3 phyla was identified. Bacillariophyta dominated the phytoplankton community, followed by Pyrrophyta and Chrysophyta. The species compositions were changed little both in seasonal and spatial distribution. Phytoplankton density ranged from 1.02×105 to 3.18×105 cell/dm3 in different survey stations. The phytoplankton’s densities were changed little with seasons though they varied spatially with sties. The dominant species were Skeletonema costatum, Thalassionema nitzschioides and Pleurosigma acutum. The diversity indexes of Margalf, Shannon-Weaver and Pielou were 1.56~2.61, 2.38~3.48 and 0.55~0.91, respectively. The assessment of phytoplankton’s diversity indices and eutrophication showed that the water quality of important mariculture area of Dongshan Bay was not severely polluted, the eutrophication was at medium nutrient level, but the risk of red tide couldn’t be excluded.

The optimized softgels manufacturing technology of sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina gonad oil complex

PAN Nan DENG Yufeng XU Qingyun ZHOU Fengfang ZHENG Shengyang LIU Zhiyu

2021, 43(6):  587-596.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.06.005

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Based on the indexes of fluidity, uniformity, sedimentation coefficient and cost coefficient, the optimal formula of softgel inner fill was determined as Heliocidaris crassispina gonad oil∶wheat-germ oil∶α-tocopherol with mass ratio of 3∶6∶1. Based on the indexes of viscosity, hardness and disintegration time, the softgel wall formula was optimized as gelatin∶deionized water∶glycerol∶polyethylene glycol 400∶ethylparaben with mass ratio of 1∶1.1∶0.6∶0.05∶0.002 5 by using the single-factor method and orthogonal experimental design. The softgels were manufactured according to the above-mentioned optimal formulas by utilizing the softgels encapsulation machine with rotary pressing method. The moisture contents (0.20±0.016)%, set quantity deviations (≤8%), disintegration times (11.31±0.25) min and microbes amount of the softgels of H. crassispina gonad oil complex have met the criteria of 0103 Capsules, 2015 year edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Aiming to provide novel dietary lipid products from marine resources as well as related manufacturing technology parameters, this study has provided scientific data and theoretical projections for bio-diversified application of dietary lipids and better development of dietary lipids industry in China.

Methods for detecting lipase activity on hydrolysis and transesterification of fish oil

JIANG Zhou XU Xizeng FU Hong

2021, 43(6):  597-603.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.06.06

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The use of lipase in enzymatic transesterification to improve the content of omega-3 functional fatty acids in fish oil triglycerides has been a hot topic in food and feed industry in recent years. Accurate determination of the enzyme activity is of great significance to the application of lipase in fish oil industry. With 8 different commercial lipases as raw materials, the lipase activity detection method was studied from two aspects including the enzymatic hydrolysis activity and transesterification activity, and then applied to fish oil hydrolysis reaction and transesterification reaction. When the standard deviation of enzyme activity determination was used as an indicator, the results showed that polyvinyl alcohol-olive oil emulsification method was more applicable for hydrolytic activity than the p-nitrophenol method, while the octanoic acid-glycerol trioleate transesterification method was more applicable for transesterification activity than the p-nitrophenol method. The correlation coefficients of the lipase transesterification activity and the hydrolytic activity, fitted by linear model, power model and exponential model, were 0.07, 0.15 and 0.20, respectively, showing no significant correlation between these two activities and they cannot be predicted by each other. When the two lipase activity detection methods were used to screen high-enzymatic fish oil hydrolysis and transesterification lipases, the acid value of the fish oil hydrolysate of lipase L5 was 137.61 mg KOH/g, and the total contents of EPA and DHA from transesterification products of immobilized enzyme L8 was 55.38%. This study provides a more accurate determination of enzyme activity for the application of lipase in fish oil industry.

Risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in three kinds of cultured fish and water at partial main producing areas of Fujian Province

LIU HaiXin

2021, 43(6):  604-614.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.06.007

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In order to assess health risk of Epinephelinae, Takifugu bimaculatus and Larimichthys crocea caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), three cultured fish and water were collected from main production area of Fujian Province coast in China, and the concentration of 16 types of PAHs were detected, respectively. The margin of exposure (MOE) and total carcinogenic risk index (RTC) of PAHs components were calculated. By comparing the health risk values, the main risk factors of PAHs could be concluded. Then the distribution and variation features of main risk factors were also discussed. The results showed that the average MOE of contaminants were between 2.53×10-6~6.45×10-5 which was less than the limit value, while the average RTC were between 1.08×10-5~1.44×10-5 which was less than the maximum acceptable risk level of 10-4. Therefore, the health risk of the three aquaculture fish caused by PAHs were acceptable. The main health risk factors of PAHs in the three aquaculture fishes were five ring BaP and DBahA. The primary components of PAHs in aquaculture water and fish were three ring PAHs. The pollution sources of different site water were similar, but fish were more complex. The PAHs concentration had no significant correlation between aquaculture water and fish.

Investigation on background value of boron content in surimi products and processing materials

WEI Shaohong QIAN Zhuozhen TANG Shuifen

2021, 43(6):  615-620.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.06.008

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In this study, the boron content of surimi products and processing materials was determined. A total of 33 surimi samples were collected with 7 samples detected for boron. The boric acid ranged from 0.743 to 2.00 mg/kg, and the average was 1.43 mg/kg. A total of 33 main processing materials for surimi products were collected according to the production process. The results showed that boron was detected from 11 samples, and background values of boric acid ranged from 0.732 to 53.4 mg/kg. The detection rate of soybean protein isolate was relatively high with 3 samples all detected, and the maximum concentration was 53.4 mg/kg. The results showed that boron was detected in surimi products because of background content of boron in processing materials. This study can provide a scientific basis for the establishment of boron limit standard and daily supervision of surimi products.

Effect of salinity, pH and ammonia nitrogen on growth and survival to juvenile Tapes conspersus

WU Qisheng QI Jianfei NING Yue LUO Juan ZENG Zhinan

2021, 43(6):  621-627.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.06.009

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In order to explore the adaptability of juvenile Tapes conspersus to salinity, pH and ammonia nitrogen, this study analyzed effects of different salinity (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40), pH (2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5, 10.0), and ammonia nitrogen (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 250 mg/L) on the growth and survival of T. conspersus. The results showed that the optimum salinity for the growth and survival of T. conspersus was 25~35; the suitable pH for survival of the juveniles was 4.0~8.5, and the juvenile shellfish exhibited a higher tolerance to low pH than to high pH; the survival rate of juveniles was 100% when the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was in the range of 0.5~10.0 mg/L. When the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was higher than 20.0 mg/L, the survival rate of juvenile shellfish decreased significantly with the increase of ammonia nitrogen concentration. Within 24 hours, the juveniles of all groups survived well under different concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, and the survival rate was more than 98.33%. At 48 h, 72 h and 96 h, the LC50 of juveniles were 123.68 mg/L, 77.36 mg/L and 49.00 mg/L, respectively, and the safe concentrations were 12.37 mg/L, 7.74 mg/L and 4.90 mg/L, respectively.

The technology of artificial seedling cultivation of Sinonovacula rivularis

HUANG Biaowu HUANG Rui YANG Shuting CAI Yixiang CHEN Deshui CHEN Yudong

2021, 43(6):  628-634.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.06.010

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The artificial breeding technology of Sinonovacula rivularis includes the processes of artificial induction of parental shellfish, food biological cultivation, plankton larvae and juvenile cultivation. Fertilized eggs of S. rivularis had a diameter of about (91.52±2.69) μm, which were sinking eggs. Under the conditions of water temperature of 26.5～27.0℃, salinity of 7～13 and pH of 8.2, the fertilized eggs would develop after 20～24 hours to D-shaped larvae. It took 6 to 7 days from hatching to set. Planktonic larvae were fed with Chrysophyta sp. in the early stage, fed with the mixture of Chrysophyta sp. and Chaeroeeros sp. in the later stage, and Skeletonema sp. and diatom water from outdoor ponds were fed in the juvenile stage. The activated silt that had been disinfected was used as the larval metamorphic attachment base. This paper screened out suitable environmental conditions for the hatching of zygote eggs and growth of the larvae, and carried out the experiment on the effect of different water temperature, salinity, bait and substrate attached to the seedlings. Practitioners of factory artificial seedlings of S. rivularis provided basic information.

Technological innovation, environmental regulation and marine fishery total factor productivity

CAO Li ZHANG Chen

2021, 43(6):  635-650.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.06.011

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Marine biological resource is diverse and one of the world's largest carbon storage treasure house. However, long-term reliance on traditional farming and fishing methods with high energy consumption and pollution has resulted in a large amount of energy consumption, increased carbon emissions from fisheries, and further deterioration of the fishery ecological environment, posing new challenges for the low-carbon development of marine fisheries. In order to solve the problems mentioned above, based on the PVAR model, this paper empirically analyzed the relationship among environmental regulation, technological innovation and marine fishery total factor productivity, and drew the following conclusions: environmental regulation and technological innovation could promote marine fishery total factor productivity, but the marine fishery total factor productivity was affected by environmental regulation and innovation of science and technology with obvious regional differences. In 11 provinces (municipalities), the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea region, and the Pearl River Delta region, the contribution of environmental regulation on marine fishery total factor productivity was greater than the contribution of science and technology innovation on the marine fishery total factor productivity, while the Yangtze River delta and vice versa. However, the impact of marine fishery total factor productivity on environmental regulation and technological innovation was a temporary promotion with a certain incubation period. When it came to environmental regulation and scientific and technological innovation, the interaction between the two was not equal.

Thinking on industry development and research status of marine medicinal organisms in Guangxi Province

HUANG Lianghua PAN Chuanying BI Xianda FENG Pengfei LI Manyuan XIANG Guide XI Shunli

2021, 43(6):  651-660.  DOI: 10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2021.06.012

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Guangxi Province has a vast sea area and abundant marine medicinal biological resources. Developing and protecting marine medicinal biological resources effectively is the foundation and key to develop the marine biomedical industry, and it is also an important part of the marine economy. This paper reviewed the research status of marine medicinal organisms and the development status of marine biomedicine industry in Guangxi, and stated the main problems: shortness of researcher, powerless of research ability, weak of basic research, insufficiency of capital input, small industry scale, etc. Then, suggestions and measures were put forward to provide reference for the sustainable and healthy development of marine biomedical industry in Guangxi, such as strengthening basic research, introducing and supporting related enterprises, making full use of regional advantages, cultivating scientific and technological talents, etc.