Table of Content

26 June 2017, Volume 39 Issue 3

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Effect of keyhole limpet hemocyanin（KLH）as antigen on humoral immunity in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

2017, 39(3):  165-171. 

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In order to provide enough reference material for enacting immune strategy of goldfish (Carassius auratus), KLH was used as antigen to immunize it with adjuvant Montanide ISA 763 A, and the serum antibody level was detected to evaluate the humoral immunoresponse. The experiment was carried out under 15~18 ℃ and 150 healthy fish with body weight of (20±3) g were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group Ⅰ was immunized with (KLH+Montanide ISA 763A), Group Ⅱ was merely immunized with KLH and Group Ⅲ was intraperitoneal injected with equivalent PBS as control. Antiserum was sampled after using KLH plus ISA adjuvant or not from the immunized fish three times, and the antibody variation was evaluated by ELISA. As a result, the antibody level in Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ was high. The antibody level of Group Ⅰ was still high after the first and second booster immunization, while that of Group Ⅱ was decreased and approached to the level of Group Ⅲ. We found the fish immunized with KLH plus ISA could acquire a long and stable immunity, while the fish merely immunized with KLH could get a short and transitory one. This study also showed the goldfish possessed well humoral immunoresponse in hypothermia situation.

Biology research of Siliqua radiata (Linnaeus)

2017, 39(3):  172-180. 

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This paper reported the biology research results of Siliqua radiata which were found in Changle Coastal from 2013 to 2016 . The contents included morphological characteristics (external morphology and internal structure), ecological distribution, group composition, habitat conditions, dry dew resistance, feeding, reproduction, and growth. The results showed that shell height (H=0.3606) of siliqua radiata had linear regression relation with straight back shell length (L=0.0153). The distribution frequency of shell length was ( )was 0.44. The optimum water temperature was 21~28℃, the optimum salinity range was from 19.65~29.36, and the most suitable pH was 8.0~8.4. It would die if the amount of dissolved oxygen in water was less than 0.5mg/L. The habitat bottom was mainly composed of fine sand with particle diameter of 0.1~0.25mm. The dry dew resistance of Siliqua radiata was poor, and it would gradually die after 24h under the temperature of 33~35℃.The substance of the stomach is marine diatoms. The contents of the stomach were mainly diatoms, but also a small amount of fine sand. Siliqua radiata was dioecious, and the biological minimum size was shell length of 42.60mm and shell height of 15.50mm. The absolute fecundity was 12.3×104~16.2×104 grains, the reproductive period was from June to July every year, and the individual fecundity was 6×104~10×104 grains. The diameter of demersal egg was 64μm. The water temperature was 27.35±0.85℃. After being cultured by feeding with Isochrysis galbuna and platymonas spp. for 10~13days the larvae of the straight line grew into juvenile shell with a length of 250μm to 280μm. The average length of one-year-old shell was 50.10mm, the average length of two-year-old shell was 79.20mm, and the average length of three-day-old shell was 101.50mm. The purpose of the study was to provide scientific references for the proliferation and culture of siliqua radiata.

Histopathological study on the Cryptocaryon irritans disease of Trachinotus ovatus

2017, 39(3):  181-187. 

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Abstract: Tissue sections, HE staning and microscopic observation was adopted to investigate the histopathological changes of trachinotus ovatus with the Cryptocaryon irritans Disease. Histological examination of the visible infection of the gills and skin caused by direct mechanical injury; because the fish in the hypoxia condition, there may also be cryptocaryonirritans secretion of toxins, fish skin damage caused by bacterial or viral infection caused by indirect injury of liver, spleen and kidney in different degree. The performance of the gill function is seriously blocked；liver showed severe fatty liver degeneration, disordered hepatic cord, shruken or disappeared blood sinus; tissues and structures of spleen were not distinctive, but congestion, hemorrhage and necrosis were observed; renal structure was not clearly shown, renal tubule and renal corpuscle were shrunken, renal tubule showed fused cells (adhered), loosen and expanded iterstitial space, local cell necrosis, and fatty granules.

Astaxanthin on the influence of digestive enzyme activity of Amphiprion frenatus

2017, 39(3):  188-194. 

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Clown fish (Amphiprion frenatus) was one of the most popular marine ornamental fish, and its market share was increasing in aquaculture industry. There were reports that astaxanthin could improve the growth rate and immune response of fish, and digestive enzyme could affect the growth performance of fish. This study analyzed the effect of dietary astaxanthin on the digestive enzyme activity of clown fish. 90 juveniles of 30 days-post-hatch with the average weight and length of (4.88±0.32) g and (4.85±0.32) cm were divided into 5 groups, which was possessed of the same 3 replicates, and were fed with basal diet containing 0, 2‰, 4‰, 6‰ and 8‰ astaxanthin for 20 days, respectively. The results indicated that dietary astaxanthin increased the digestive enzyme activities of clown fish. When dietary astaxanthin content was 4‰, the activities of anterior intestine protease, lipase, amylase and posterior intestine amylase were highest (P<0.05). When dietary astaxanthin content was 6‰, the activities of stomach lipase and amylase were highest (P<0.05). When dietary astaxanthin content was 8‰, the activities of posterior intestine protease, amylase and pepsase were highest (P<0.05). In conclusion, the digestive enzyme activities of A. frenatus could be effectively improved through feeding basal diet with 4%~8% astaxanthin.

Effects of eco-substrates on the growth and culture environment of hybrid sunfish (Lepomis macrochius ♀ × Lepomis cyanellus ♂) cultured in indoor system

2017, 39(3):  195-201. 

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In the present paper, we studied the effects of the different densities of ecological substrates on the growth and water quality of the hybrid sunfish (Lepomis macrochius ♀ × Lepomis cyanellus ♂) cultured in indoor system, which was produced by the hybridization between the two sunfish introduced from North American. In the present experiment, we set up a total of 0.049, 0.098, 0.197, 0.295 and 0.393 m2/m3 in five different ecological substrates density gradient used in the sunfish culture system, and a group of none ecological substrates used for the control group, each group set 3 repetitions, a total of 18 aquaculture barrels used in the experiment. We used nanometer bottom aerator to increase oxygen during the experiment, and didn’t change the water during the whole culture period, monitored the water dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and water temperature (Wt) every day, monitored the total ammonia (TAN) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N) content of the water every 5 days, and measured the growth index of the cultured sunfish at the beginning and the end of the experiment. The experimental results showed that the use of ecological substrates could effectively promote the growth of hybrid sunfish, reduce the feed coefficient, and improve the quality of aquaculture water, and compared with the control group, the average total ammonia nitrogen concentration could be reduced by 24.15%. Through the regression analysis, we can get the suitable density of the ecological substrates in the hybrid sunfish culture is no less than 0.244 m2/m3.

Acid-volatile sulfide and heavy metals biotoxicity in surface sediments of Minjiang River

Yi-Xiong JIANG

2017, 39(3):  202-208. 

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Based on the data from seven sampling stations of surface sediments in 2012 and 2013, the acid volatile sulfide（AVS）, total organic carbon and heavy metals in Minjiang River basin were studied. The results indicated that the average concentrations of acid volatile sulfide ranged from 0.4610 ~ 1.8140 μmol?g-1, the average contents of total organic carbon varied between 0.76 % ~ 1.51 %. The contents of acid volatile sulfide and corresponding total organic carbon in S5 station of Youxi were significantly higher than other stations due to the influence from human activity. In comparison, the content of acid volatile sulfide in S7 station of Minjiang mainstream was the lowest, which was mainly affected by hydrodynamic characteristics. The content and variation of acid volatile sulfide were affected by many factors, so the regularity of spatial distribution was not significant. It was found that the metal concentrations were in the order of Cu＞Pb＞As＞Hg＞Cd. Among heavy metals, Cu and Pb were the dominating species. The simultaneous extracted metals（SEM）average values ranged from 0.47 ~ 3.58 μmol?g-1. By comparing the ratio of SEM to AVS, the values of all stations were greater than one except S2 and S6, which had high bioavailability and potential biotoxicity. Compared with the threshold of toxic effects of metal elements in water sediments on benthic organisms, the bio-availability of Pb and Cd was higher than Cu in the single heavy metal, which had the potential to produce toxic effect on benthic organisms.

Study and evaluation on water environment quality of scallops culture area of Sishili Bay in Yantai

2017, 39(3):  209-216. 

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According to the environmental detection of the scallops culture at Sishili Bay of Yantai in 2016 from April to November, the basic physical and chemical indexes and the change trend of the sea in Sishili Bay were analyzed. The assessment of organic pollution index (A), nutritional index (E), seawater nutrient quality index (NQI) and Nemerow comprehensive evaluation of environmental quality index were used to evaluate the water environment quality in Sishili Bay. The results showed that: the sea water temperature, pH as well as salinity in Sishili Bay were suitable for scallops aquaculture and the range of variation of which were 10.06～20.00℃, 7.85～8.25 and 29.61～30.31, respectively; the dissolved oxygen (DO), pH , chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulfide were in accordance with the one or two category of national quality standards, the total inorganic phosphorus (DIP) at some scallops culture areas exceeded the two category standards of national quality in October, total inorganic nitrogen (DIN) at some scallops culture areas exceeded the two category standards of national quality in April and October; The environmental quality was good from May to July, and the other months are subjected to varying degrees of organic pollution and eutrophication. Overall, the Sishili Bay scallops culture areas were in line with the one or two classes of requirements of scallops culture area, but we should pay attention to the protection of scallops culture area, especially the control of land sourced pollutants input.

Distribution and Assessment of oil contamination in the Surface Sediments from Xiamen Sea Area

2017, 39(3):  217-221. 

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This paper analyzed the oil level and distribution of surface sediments in Xiamen Sea Area based on the survey data of August 2016. The result showed that the oil contents ranged from 6.6×10-6 to 1762.5×10-6 with a mean value of 350.5×10-6. The investigate result showed obvious distribution characteristics, the degree of oil contamination ranked from high to low is Wuyuan Bay sea area to Wutong Bay area, the middle area of Jiulong River Estuary, southeast area of Kulangsu to Zhaoyin Harbor area, minority of Xiamen Eastern Bay and north side of Wutong Bay Estuary, respectively. The rest of Xiamen Sea Area indicated good sediments quality. All of which is complied with the development of shipping, the conservation of western sea area and the construction of Wuyuan Bay in Xiamen recent years.

Nutrients uptake process of seagrass and its competition with epiphytic algae

2017, 39(3):  222-228. 

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Seagrass bed is an important ecosystem of nearshore system, providing significant ecological service function. However, eutrophication in nearshore waters has posed a serious threat to the structure and function of seagrass bed ecosystem. This study summarized the research progress of nutrient uptake process of seagrass and competition mechanism in three aspects: the relationship between nutrients supply and seagrass growth, nutrient uptake process of leaves and roots, competition with epiphytic algae and its effects. Finally, three research directions in the future are pointed out: 1) the nutrients uptake contributions of seagrass leaves and roots in different environmental conditions; 2) the impact mechanism of epiphytic algae on the growth processes of seagrass; 3) the eco-environmental effects of nutrients uptake and competition processes on seagrass bed ecosystem.

Advanced in lipids from Echinodermata

2017, 39(3):  229-237. 

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Marine oils contain many unique functions and active substances, and thus become one of the important resources for the development of health food and marine drugs. Now, marine oils research mainly focus on fish oils, while the study of Echinodermata oils is less. Fatty acids are important bioactive substances in marine echinoderms, with hypolipidemic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and other functional activity. Therefore, this paper summarized the current stage of knowledge on the Echinodermata lipids from various aspects such as extraction, isolation, purification and biological actives, in order to lay the foundation for the comprehensive utilization of Echinodermata, and provide scientific basis for better development of new marine food and medicine .

Summarization of fishing baits

2017, 39(3):  238-244. 

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Abstract:Fishing baits are usually classified as edible baits and lure. Edible baits refer to the baits which are esculent for fish,include unwrought natural fishing baits and reprocessed fishing baits made of cereal,animal husbandry by-products and aquatic by-product. Lure refer to baits which are made of inedible materials,include soft bionic lure,scleroid bionic lure and metal lure.The physical attractive factors such as color,shape,motion and voice and the chemical attractive factors such as amino acid,lycine,nucleotide and sulfur organic compounds are summarized in this paper.Factors mentioned above realize decoys effect through the comprehensive function of sight,hearing ,taste and other sense.In addition,the development and application status of new types of fishing baits are introduced.

The healthy culture techniques of the first generation of SPF Litopenaeus vannamei in earth pond

wang zaiwen

2017, 39(3):  245-248. 

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This paper summarized the successful experience that the author was engaged in culturing the first generation of seedlings of SPF Litopenaeus vannamei in the recent years in earth pond. It introduced healthy culture techniques such as seed selection, water treatment before breeding, water quality regulation, disease control, application of ecological preparations and fish and shrimp mixed culture technology in the seeds breeding process of the first generation of SPF shrimps. It provided a successful experience for reference in the first generation seeds of SPF culturing in earth ponds.