生物质炭的制备与改性及其在水产养殖尾水处理中的应用进展

doi:10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2024.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物质炭因吸附性能好、成本低,成为国内外在污水处理领域的研究热点。本文简要概述了近年来生物质炭国内外的研究现状,列举了几种常见的生物质炭的制备方法、改性路径及其优缺点,说明了生物质炭的作用机理及其在养殖尾水处理中的应用,以及探讨了制约生物质炭发展的因素,提出对策建议,并展望了应用前景。

关键词: 生物质炭, 制备方法, 改性, 养殖尾水处理

Abstract:

Biochar has gained significant attention in the field of sewage treatment, both domestically and internationally, due to its favorable adsorption capabilities and low cost. While ordinary biochar does exhibit certain adsorption effects, its performance is less effective when dealing with high concentrations or specific pollutants. However, the performance of modified biochar in sewage treatment shows significant improvement compared to unmodified biochar. Modification processes result in a larger specific surface area, larger pores, and a higher concentration of functional groups. These modifications not only enhance its adsorption capability, but also enable the specific adsorption of organic pollutants, making it highly valuable in the treatment of aquaculture wastewater. This paper provides a review of the recent research status of biochar at both domestic and international levels, highlighting several common methods of biochar preparation and modification, as well as discussing their respective advantages and disadvantages. The mechanisms of action of biochar and its application in the treatment of aquaculture wastewater are explained, while also exploring the factors that have hindered the development and adoption of biochar. Countermeasures and suggestions are proposed, along with a prospect of its application prospects in the field.

Key words: biochar, preparation method, modification, aquaculture wastewater treatment

中图分类号:

曾成, 郑惠东, 许贻斌, 林琪. 生物质炭的制备与改性及其在水产养殖尾水处理中的应用进展[J]. 渔业研究, 2024, 46(2): 198-206.

ZENG Cheng, ZHENG Huidong, XU Yibin, LIN Qi. Preparation and modification of biochar and its application in the treatment of aquaculture wastewater[J]. Journal of Fisheries Research, 2024, 46(2): 198-206.

图/表 5

图1 木屑生物质炭结构[15]

Fig.1 Structure of wood chip biochar[15]

图2 芦苇生物质炭结构[17]

Fig.2 Structure of reed biochar[17]

图3 竹生物质炭结构[19]

Fig.3 Structure of bamboo biochar[19]

图4 椰壳生物质炭结构[20] 注:a.生的椰壳;b.干燥的椰壳;c.碳化的椰壳;d.从椰子壳中提取的活性炭。

Fig.4 Structure of coconut shell biochar[20] Notes: a.Raw coconut shell; b.Dry coconut shell; c.Carbonized coconut shell; d.Activated cocoanut charcoal.

表 1 生物质炭常用改性方法优缺点

Tab.1 Advantages and disadvantages of common modification methods of biochar

方法 Methods	优点 Advantages	缺点 Disadvantages	参考文献 Reference
酸碱改性Acid alkali modification	操作简单、效果好	降低了异性官能团	[41-42]
磁改性Magnetic modification	密度和粒径增大、易与水分离	受pH影响较大,成本高	[43⇓⇓⇓⇓-48]
离子改性Ion modification	孔结构丰富	易引入杂质,对同性离子污染物适用性较低	[49⇓-51]
氧化剂改性 Oxidative modification	比表面积增大、表面官能团阳离子交换能力增大	亲水性较强,不利于部分有机物吸附富集	[52-53]

参考文献 58

[1]	黄振东. 海水养殖尾水处理技术研究进展[J]. 农业开发与装备, 2023(2):103-105.
[2]	叶麦, 童家歆. 海水对虾养殖尾水处理技术与发展趋势[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2021, 40(5):241-252.
[3]	沈洋, 李亮, 罗辉. 浅析水生植物在改善湖泊富营养化中的作用[J]. 资源节约与环保, 2023(3):40-44.
[4]	黄琳, 曹肖渊, 王海航, 等. 凡纳滨对虾海水池塘养殖尾水处理系统的构建与应用[J]. 科学养鱼, 2022(9):62-63.
[5]	卜雪峰, 曲克明, 马绍赛, 等. 海水养殖废水的处理技术及应用前景[J]. 海洋水产研究, 2003, 24(4):85-90.
[6]	杨卓, 陈婧, 揣莹. 芦苇生物质炭的制备、表征及吸附性能[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2016, 44(11):464-467.
[7]	潘根兴, 张阿凤, 邹建文, 等. 农业废弃物生物黑炭转化还田作为低碳农业途径的探讨[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2010, 26(4):394-400.
[8]	吴晴雯, 孟梁, 张志豪, 等. 芦苇秸秆生物炭对水体中重金属Ni²⁺的吸附特性[J]. 环境化学, 2015, 34(9):1703-1709.
[9]	张雷. 生物炭技术研究模式及国内外发展现状[J]. 农业经济, 2022(4):24-25.
[10]	Zhang W H, Mao S Y, Chen H, et al. Pb (Ⅱ) and Cr (Ⅵ) sorption by biochars pyrolyzed from the municipal wastewater sludge under different heating conditions[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2013, 147: 545-552. DOI URL
[11]	Manyuchi M M, Mbohwa C, Muzenda E. Potential to use municipal waste bio char in wastewater treatment for nutrients recovery[J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 2018, 107:92-95.
[12]	Wei D, Li B, Huang H, et al. Biochar-based functional materials in the purification of agricultural wastewater: fabrication, application and future research needs[J]. Chemosphere, 2018, 197:165-180. DOI PMID
[13]	Liu Q, Wu L, Gorring M, et al. Aluminum-impregnated biochar for adsorption of arsenic (V) in urban stormwater runoff[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2019, 145(4):04019008. DOI URL
[14]	Gopinath A, Divyapriya G, Srivastava V, et al. Conversion of sewage sludge into biochar: a potential resource in water and wastewater treatment[J]. Environmental Research, 2021, 194: 110656. DOI URL
[15]	梁茂儒, 陆玉芳, 马明坤, 等. 木屑生物质炭对水中阿特拉津、多菌灵和啶虫脒复合农药的吸附性能研究[J]. 土壤, 2022, 54(4):793-801.
[16]	赵凌宇, 王延华, 杨浩, 等. 木屑和稻秆基生物质炭对汞的吸附特性比较[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(3):556-562.
[17]	胡志新, 时萌, 孙菁, 等. 改性芦苇生物质炭对水中硝态氮的吸附特性[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2018, 46(24):359-362.
[18]	郭琳颖, 王凯男, 王梦寒, 等. 芦苇生物质炭对镉的吸附及机制[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2020, 37(1):66-73.
[19]	张雨禾, 庄舜尧. 硫酸改性竹生物质炭对$\mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}$的吸附特性[J]. 环境污染与防治,2020,42(10):1216-1221,1226.
[20]	Sekhon S, Kaur P, Park J S. From coconut shell biomass to oxygen reduction reaction catalyst: tuning porosity and nitrogen doping[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2021, 147: 111173. DOI URL
[21]	丁娜娜, 梁锦华, 乌兰, 等. 生物质炭的制备及其在吸附中的应用[J]. 分析测试技术与仪器, 2022, 28(4):363-374.
[22]	周宇, 陈晓娟, 卢开红, 等. 生物质炭的制备、功能改性及去除废水中有机污染物研究进展[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2021, 50(12):2389-2400.
[23]	Enaime G, Ennaciri K, Ounas A, et al. Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from olive wastes by physical and chemical activation: application to Indigo carmine adsorption[J]. Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, 2017, 8(11):4125-4137.
[24]	Islam M A, Auta M, Kabir G, et al. A thermogravimetric analysis of the combustion kinetics of karanja (Pongamia pinnata) fruit hulls char[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2016, 200:335-341. DOI PMID
[25]	Suliman W, Harsh J B, Abu-Lail N I, et al. Influence of feedstock source and pyrolysis temperature on biochar bulk and surface properties[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2016, 84:37-48. DOI URL
[26]	Brewer C E. Biochar characterization and engineering[D]. Ames: Iowa State University, 2012.
[27]	Enaime G, Baçaoui A, Yaacoubi A, et al. Biochar for wastewater treatment—conversion technologies and applications[J]. Applied Sciences, 2020, 10(10):3492. DOI URL
[28]	王一宁, 石岩, 李恒, 等. 生物质废弃物水热碳化资源化应用研究进展[J]. 中外能源, 2022, 27(9):23-29.
[29]	殷琳鑫, 余鋆, 王智聪, 等. 城市污泥水热碳化的研究与应用进展[J]. 当代化工研究, 2022(16):4-8.
[30]	程寒飞, 高卫民, 张镭. 污泥水热碳化技术的应用[J]. 中国环保产业, 2023(1):15-20.
[31]	李子富, 于露, 郑蕾, 等. 水热碳化技术处理畜禽粪便的研究进展[J]. 农业工程学报, 2022, 38(3):220-229.
[32]	赵丹, 张琳, 郭亮, 等. 水热碳化与干法碳化对剩余污泥的处理比较[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2015, 38(10):78-83.
[33]	Skoulou V, Koufodimos G, Samaras Z, et al. Low temperature gasification of olive kernels in a 5-kW fluidized bed reactor for H₂-rich producer gas[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2008, 33(22):6515-6524. DOI URL
[34]	杨帅, 张兆玲, 孟剑峰, 等. 循环流化床中菌渣热解气化特性的研究[J]. 高校化学工程学报, 2015, 29(4): 997-1002.
[35]	李攀, 师晓鹏, 宋建德, 等. 生物质微波催化热解制备高值产品的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(1):133-145. DOI
[36]	章诗辞, 刘瑞娜, 柳山, 等. 微波-生物炭工艺对高浓度氨氮废水的处理研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2022, 45(6):138-143.
[37]	桂成民, 李萍, 王亚炜, 等. 剩余污泥微波热解技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2015, 34(9):3435-3443,3475.
[38]	叶扬天, 卢平, 王昱璇, 等. 烘焙温度和停留时间对生物炭特性的影响[J]. 上海电力学院学报, 2018, 34(3):239-244.
[39]	杨晴, 梅艳阳, 郝宏蒙, 等. 烘焙对生物质热解产物特性的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2013, 29(20):214-219.
[40]	Zhang C Y, Ho S H, Chen W H, et al. Oxidative torrefaction of biomass nutshells: evaluations of energy efficiency as well as biochar transportation and storage[J]. Applied Energy, 2019, 235:428-441. DOI URL
[41]	赵洁, 贺宇宏, 张晓明, 等. 酸碱改性对生物炭吸附Cr(Ⅵ)性能的影响[J]. 环境工程, 2020, 38(6): 28-34.
[42]	盛紫琼, 左剑恶, 毛伟, 等. 酸/碱改性香蒲生物炭对水中磷的去除及其机制研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2022, 42(4):195-203.
[43]	Li X, Wang C, Zhang J, et al. Preparation and application of magnetic biochar in water treatment:a critical review[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 711: 134847. DOI URL
[44]	宋少花, 徐金兰, 宋晓乔, 等. 磁性生物质炭的制备及在污染水体中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(12):6586-6605. DOI
[45]	徐艳, 张海欧, 曹婷婷. 磁改性生物炭制备及应用研究[J]. 农业与技术, 2021, 41(23):4-6.
[46]	Zhao Q, Xu T, Song X, et al. Preparation and application in water treatment of magnetic biochar[J]. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2021, 9:769667. DOI URL
[47]	马鹏远, 许艳红, 高靖勋, 等. 磁性生物炭对水中Pb²⁺的吸附[J]. 化工环保, 2023, 43(2):267-275. DOI
[48]	郭晓慧, 康康, 于秀男, 等. 磁改性柚子皮与杏仁壳生物炭的理化性质研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(S1):164-171.
[49]	华露露, 黄显怀, 钱婧, 等. 铁改性生物质炭对水体中硝态氮的吸附特性[J]. 中国给水排水, 2022, 38(19):61-68.
[50]	智燕彩, 赖欣, 谭炳昌, 等. 铁锰镁离子改性生物炭对溶液硝态氮的吸附性能研究[J]. 核农学报, 2020, 34(7):1588-1597. DOI
[51]	刘舒蕾, 彭慧君, 杨佳怡, 等. 水生植物生物质炭去除水体中氮磷性能[J]. 环境科学, 2019, 40(11): 4980-4986.
[52]	肖光莉, 郭新欣, 韩熙, 等. 热空气氧化改性生物炭对镉的吸附特性研究[J]. 西南农业学报, 2021, 34(12):2765-2774.
[53]	刘蕊, 罗璇, 张辉. 氧化改性生物炭对水体中阳离子和阴离子染料的吸附[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2018, 18(13):131-135.
[54]	徐广飞, 赵云强, 李滕飞. 生物质炭在废水处理中的应用进展[J]. 山东化工, 2022, 51(18):203-205.
[55]	石文智, 江昊飞, 李慷, 等. 一种新型生物质炭填料的脱氮除磷性能[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2023, 32(2):429-440.
[56]	王娜娜, 王静, 李扬, 等. 铁改性麻根生物炭吸附水体磷酸盐特性及其对养殖尾水的处理效果[J]. 大连海洋大学学报, 2023, 38(3):464-473.
[57]	施林林, 金梅娟, 沈明星, 等. 利用生物炭与PHBV固相脱氮系统净化河蟹养殖水体[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2020, 48(5):250-255.
[58]	钟文晶, 符帝俊, 齐丹, 等. 生物炭制备及其在水处理中的应用[J]. 水处理技术, 2023, 49(1):26-30. DOI