微藻育种方法研究进展

doi:10.14012/i.cnki.fjsc.2023.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微藻作为单细胞光合自养真核植物,因具有生长速度快、光合效率高等特点,在医药、农业、能源等方面发挥着重要的作用。筛选具备油脂含量高、生长速度快、抗逆性强等优势的藻株对于促进产业的发展具有重要意义。本文综述了目前利用物理方法、化学方法和分子育种技术在微藻育种的研究成果,分析了不同育种方法存在的问题以及相关的解决方案,为推动微藻育种的发展提供一定的参考。

关键词: 微藻, 诱变育种, 物理诱变, 化学诱变, 分子育种

Abstract:

Microalgae is a kind of unicellular photosynthetic autotrophic eukaryotic plant, which grows rapidly and processes high photosynthetic efficiency.It can provide a lot of high value products, such as protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids and bioactive compounds which are important sources of health care, aquaculture and biofuels.In order to improve productivity, microalgae breeding technology has been developed to explore the strains which have larger biomass, more lipid, and the ability of stress resistance.The article summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various breeding technologies and research advanced, in order to provide a reference for the development of microalgae breeding.

Key words: microalgae, mutation breeding, physical mutagenesis, chemical mutagenesis, molecular breeding

中图分类号:

S968.4

周琳琳, 郭辰涛, 钟晨辉, 林琪. 微藻育种方法研究进展[J]. 渔业研究, 2023, 45(2): 182-191.

ZHOU Linlin, GUO Chentao, ZHONG Chenhui, LIN Qi. Research advanced of breeding methods on microalgae[J]. Journal of Fisheries Research, 2023, 45(2): 182-191.

图/表 6

参考文献 69

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微藻种类 Microalgae species	目标产物 Target products	诱变条件 Mutation condition	诱变结果 Results	参考文献 References
小球藻 Chlorella vulgaris	油脂	功率18 W、照射距离40 cm、辐射时间5~40 min	油脂含量提高了24.6%	[37]
裂壶菌藻 Scizochytrium limacinum	DHA	功率30 W、照射距离30 cm、照射时间10~ 60 s	DHA含量提高28.8%, 占脂肪酸的37.3%	[12]
三角褐指藻 Phaeodactylum tricornutm	EPA	功率18 W、照射距离35 cm、照射时间5~30 min	诱变株UP1的EPA含量提高了10.2%	[38]
若夫小球藻 Chlorella zofingensis	油脂	功率20 W、照射距离20 cm、照射时间15~40 min	总油脂产量达2.4 g/L, 提高了50.0%	[39]

微藻种类 Microalgae species	目标产物 Target products	诱变条件 Mutation condition	诱变结果 Results	参考文献 References
小球藻 Chlorella vulgaris	油脂	功率18 W、照射距离40 cm、辐射时间5~40 min	油脂含量提高了24.6%	[37]
裂壶菌藻 Scizochytrium limacinum	DHA	功率30 W、照射距离30 cm、照射时间10~ 60 s	DHA含量提高28.8%, 占脂肪酸的37.3%	[12]
三角褐指藻 Phaeodactylum tricornutm	EPA	功率18 W、照射距离35 cm、照射时间5~30 min	诱变株UP1的EPA含量提高了10.2%	[38]
若夫小球藻 Chlorella zofingensis	油脂	功率20 W、照射距离20 cm、照射时间15~40 min	总油脂产量达2.4 g/L, 提高了50.0%	[39]

微藻种类 Microalgae species	目标产物 Target products	诱变条件 Mutation condition	诱变结果 Results	参考文献 References
寇氏隐甲藻 Crypthecodinium cohnii	油脂	诱变剂量: 0.8~2.4 kGy	油脂产量提高51.7%	[43]
栅藻 Scenedesmus sp.	油脂	诱变剂量: 50 Gy~3 kGy	油脂含量提高60.0%	[44]
小球藻 Chlorella sp.	油脂	诱变剂量: 300~900 Gy	油脂含量提高54.9%	[45]

微藻种类 Microalgae species	目标产物 Target products	诱变条件 Mutation condition	诱变结果 Results	参考文献 References
寇氏隐甲藻 Crypthecodinium cohnii	油脂	诱变剂量: 0.8~2.4 kGy	油脂产量提高51.7%	[43]
栅藻 Scenedesmus sp.	油脂	诱变剂量: 50 Gy~3 kGy	油脂含量提高60.0%	[44]
小球藻 Chlorella sp.	油脂	诱变剂量: 300~900 Gy	油脂含量提高54.9%	[45]

微藻种类 Microalgae species	目标产物 Target products	诱变条件 Mutation condition	诱变结果 Results	参考文献 References
微拟球藻 Nannochloropsis oceanica	油脂	能量80 MeV/μ、密度31 keV/μm、诱变剂量20~160 Gy	油脂产量提高28.0%	[48]
微拟球藻 Nannochloropsis oceanica	油脂	能量80 MeV/μ、密度31 keV/μm、诱变剂量20~160 Gy	诱变株油脂产量提高19.0%	[9]
极大螺旋藻 Spirulina maxima	生物量	能量80 MeV/μ、密度31 keV/μm、诱变剂量200~1 000 Gy	生物量达到0.9 g/L, 提高了12.6%	[49]
盐生杜氏藻 Dunaliella salina	生物量	能量80 MeV/μ、密度33 keV/μm、诱变剂量30~320 Gy	生物量提高了1.8倍	[50]