不同投饵率对黑鲷及其杂交子二代幼鱼影响差异

doi:10.14012/i.cnki.fjsc.2023.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)♀×真鲷(Pagrus major)♂杂交子二代(杂交鲷)与黑鲷幼鱼适宜的投饵率,实验设计了2.5%、4.0%、5.5%及7.0%等4个投饵率,并比较了两种实验鱼在不同投饵率下的生长性能、生长相关基因表达及消化酶活性等方面的差异表现。结果显示:随着投饵率升高,杂交鲷及黑鲷的末体质量(FBW)、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)及类胰岛素生长因子(igf1基因)表达量均先升高后降低,且4.0%组显著高于其他3组(P<0.05);生长激素受体(ghr基因)表达量先降低后升高,4.0%组显著低于2.5%组(P<0.05),但与其他2组无显著差异(P>0.05);当投饵率升至4.0%时,脂肪酶活性显著降低(P<0.05);继续提高投饵率至7.0%,肝体指数、成活率及胃蛋白酶活性均显著降低(P<0.05);投饵率对两种幼鱼的体质量变异系数(CV)及饵料系数(FCR)等无显著影响(P>0.05);当投饵率为4.0%和5.5%时,杂交鲷的FBW、WGR、SGR、胃蛋白酶活性及igf1基因表达量均显著高于黑鲷(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,杂交鲷及黑鲷的幼鱼适宜投饵率为4.0%,且杂交鲷的生长性能及消化能力均优于黑鲷。

关键词: 投饵率, 杂交鲷, 黑鲷, 影响差异

Abstract:

In order to study the optimal feeding rate between the hybrid porgy (HF₂) of Acanthopagrus schlegelii♀(black porgy) ×Pagrus major♂(red porgy) and black porgy, four feeding rates of 2.5%, 4.0%, 5.5% and 7.0% were designed to compare the differences in growth performance, growth related gene expression and digestive enzyme activity between the two kinds of fish under different feeding rates.The results showed that the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and igf1 gene expression levels of the HF₂ and black porgy increased firstly and then decreased, and the 4.0% group was significantly higher than the other three groups (P<0.05); the expression of ghr gene in the 4.0% group was significantly lower than the 2.5% group, and there was no significant difference between the other two groups (P>0.05) when the feeding rate increased; the lipase activity decreased significantly while the feeding rate increased to 4.0% (P<0.05); and hepatosomatic index(HSI), survival rate (SR) and pepsin activity decreased significantly while the feeding rate was increased to 7.0% (P<0.05).Feeding rate had no significant effect on coefficient of variation and feed conversion ratio of the two fishes (P>0.05).FBW, WGR, SGR, pepsin activities and igf1 gene expression of the HF₂ in the 4.0% and 5.5% groups were significantly higher than those of black porgy (P<0.05).The results revealed that the optimal feeding rates of the HF₂ and black porgy was 4.0%, and the growth performance and digestive capacity of the HF₂ were better than that of black porgy.

Key words: feeding rate, the hybrid porgy F₂ of Acanthopagrus schlegelii ♀× Pagrus major ♂, A.schlegelii, impact difference

中图分类号:

S963.14

孙瑞健, 仇玉燕, 杨志强, 徐大凤, 肖李霞, 秦亚丽, 倪可雯, 周堂建, 陈淑吟. 不同投饵率对黑鲷及其杂交子二代幼鱼影响差异[J]. 渔业研究, 2023, 45(2): 110-118.

SUN Ruijian, QIU Yuyan, YANG Zhiqiang, XU Dafeng, XIAO Lixia, QIN Yali, NI Kewen, ZHOU Tangjian, CHEN Shuyin. Effects of different feeding rates on the hybrid porgy F₂of Acanthopagrus schlegelii♀ × Pagrus major♂ and A.schlegelii[J]. Journal of Fisheries Research, 2023, 45(2): 110-118.

图/表 4

参考文献 32

[1]	陈淑吟, 张志勇, 许津, 等. 黑鲷(♀)×真鲷(♂)杂交子二代仔鱼早期发育及饥饿不可逆点[J]. 南方水产科学, 2018, 14(4):122-128.
[2]	曹广勇, 孙瑞健, 高波, 等. 黑鲷和真鲷自交及正反交子代生长性状和肌肉营养成分的分析比较[J]. 水产科技情报, 2020, 47(2):61-67,72.
[3]	麻艳群, 司楠, 介百飞, 等. 不同投饲率对陆基圆池养殖大口黑鲈生长及养殖效能的影响[J]. 渔业研究, 2022, 44(3):223-228. DOI
[4]	Sun G X, Liu Y, Qiu D G, et al. Effects of feeding rate and frequency on growth performance, digestion and nutrients balances of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)[J]. Aquaculture Research, 2016, 47(1):176-188. DOI URL
[5]	仇登高, 温凭, 林琪, 等. 投喂频率对工厂化循环水养殖珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长和血浆抗应激酶活力的影响[J]. 渔业研究, 2018, 40(6):441-448.
[6]	褚志鹏, 金佳利, 陈细华, 等. 不同投喂率和投喂频率对大杂交鲟幼鱼生长、体成分和生化指标的影响[J]. 中国水产科学, 2020, 27(2):177-185.
[7]	徐革锋, 刘洋, 李永发, 等. 不同投喂率对细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok)幼鱼生长及体成分的影响[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2013, 44(2):433-437.
[8]	卫育良, 王建学, 徐后国, 等. 红鳍东方鲀幼鱼适宜投喂频率和投喂水平的研究[J]. 动物营养学报, 2021, 33(3):1755-1765. DOI
[9]	王建学. 红鳍东方鲀幼鱼蛋能比、投喂策略及主要蛋白源消化率研究[D]. 上海: 上海海洋大学, 2020.
[10]	刘康, 何金钊, 冯鹏霏, 等. 投喂频率和水平对长吻鮠幼鱼消化酶和肝胰脏脂肪代谢酶活性的影响[J]. 云南农业大学学报(自然科学), 2019, 34(5):779-784.
[11]	Zhang L, Zhao Z G, Xiong D M, et al. Effects of ration level on growth, nitrogenous excretion and energy budget of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson)[J]. Aquaculture Research, 2011, 42(7):899-905. DOI URL
[12]	孙国祥. 大西洋鲑工业化循环水养殖投喂策略研究[D]. 青岛: 中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所), 2014.
[13]	Zheng K K, Liang M Q, Fang W, et al. Effects of feeding frequency and ration level on growth performance and non-specific immunity of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) at different growth stages[J]. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh, 2017, 67:1-7.
[14]	Trushenski J T, Rombenso A, Schwarz M H, et al. Feeding rate and frequency affect growth of juvenile Atlantic spadefish[J]. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 2012, 74(1):107-112. DOI URL
[15]	Kim Y O, Oh S Y, Kim T. Effects of the feeding rate on growth performance, body composition, and hematological properties of juvenile mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri in a recirculating aquaculture system[J]. Sustainability, 2021, 13(15):2-11. DOI URL
[16]	Baloi M F, Sterzelecki F C, Sugai J K, et al. Growth performance, body composition and metabolic response to feeding rates in juvenile Brazilian sardine Sardinella brasiliensis[J]. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2017, 23(6):1458-1466. DOI URL
[17]	赵美娜, 赵早亚, 孙彩云, 等. 投喂模式对吉富罗非鱼摄食和生长的影响[J]. 广东农业科学, 2017, 44(3):120-127.
[18]	Yang S, Zhai S W, Shepherd B S, et al. Determination of optimal feeding rates for juvenile lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) fed a formulated dry diet[J]. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2019, 25(6):1171-1182. DOI URL
[19]	Rahman M M, Choi J, Lee S M. Effect of dietary lipid level and feeding frequency on the growth, feed utilization, and body composition of juvenile spotted seabass, Lateolabrax maculatus[J]. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2017, 48(4):634-642. DOI URL
[20]	Reddy P K, Leatherland J F. Influence of the combination of time of feeding and ration level on the diurnal hormone rhythms in rainbow trout[J]. Fish Physiology & Biochemistry, 1995, 14(1):25-36.
[21]	Luo L, Li T L, Xing W, et al. Effects of feeding rates and feeding frequency on the growth performances of juvenile hybrid sturgeon, Acipenser schrenckii Brandt♀ × A.baeri Brandt ♂[J]. Aquaculture, 2015, 448:229-233. DOI URL
[22]	Liu W, Wen H, Luo Z. Effect of dietary protein levels and feeding rates on the growth and health status of juvenile genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)[J]. Aquaculture International, 2018, 26(1):153-167. DOI URL
[23]	赵志刚, 李晋南, 徐奇友, 等. 变温条件下不同投喂水平对施氏鲟幼鱼消化酶、代谢酶和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2017, 29(1):127-133. DOI
[24]	Pedrosa R U, Mattos B O, Pereira D S P, et al. Effects of feeding strategies on growth, biochemical parameters and waste excretion of juvenile arapaima (Arapaima gigas) raised in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)[J]. Aquaculture, 2019, 500:562-568. DOI URL
[25]	管敏, 张德志, 饶军, 等. 饱食投喂频率对子二代中华鲟稚鱼生长及胃肠排空的影响[J]. 淡水渔业, 2019, 49(4):90-97.
[26]	仇玉燕, 张志勇, 陈淑吟, 等. 杂交鲷与黑鲷投喂频率的比较研究[J]. 南方水产科学, 2022, 18(1):59-67.
[27]	曲焕韬, 陈磊, 廖建新, 等. 投喂策略对厚颌鲂幼鱼的生长、肠道消化酶活性和形态学的影响[J]. 海南大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 39(1):29-35.
[28]	Zacarias S M, Lazo J P, Viana M T, et al. Effect of three probiotics administered through live feed on digestive enzyme activity in California halibut, Paralichthys californicus, larvae[J]. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2011, 42(3):321-331. DOI URL
[29]	郑艳坤, 尤宏争. 铬与鱼类营养物质代谢综述[J]. 齐鲁渔业, 2016(7):53-54.
[30]	Tu Y Q, Xie S Q, Han D, et al. Growth performance, digestive enzyme, transaminase and GH-IGF-I axis gene responsiveness to different dietary protein levels in broodstock allogenogynetic gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) CAS Ⅲ[J]. Aquaculture, 2015, 446:290-297. DOI URL
[31]	马晓, 胡毅, 熊钢, 等. 生长激素受体及其基因研究进展[J]. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 36(S1):58-62.
[32]	Fuentes E N, Valdes J A, Molina A, et al. Regulation of skeletal muscle growth in fish by the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor system[J]. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2013, 192:136-148. DOI URL

基因Gene	引物序列(5’-3’) Primer sequence (5’-3’)	序列长度/bp Sequence length
actin	F:TATCGTCATGGACTCCGGTG	188
actin	R:TGATGTCACGCACGATTTCC	188
ghr	F:GCTCCTTCTCCTGGTTTCCT	129
ghr	R:GTCTCCTGCTCCCTCGATAC	129
igf1	F:GATGCTTCTTCACCCGTCAC	143
igf1	R:CCACCTGGTCTTTGTGCTTT	143

基因Gene	引物序列(5’-3’) Primer sequence (5’-3’)	序列长度/bp Sequence length
actin	F:TATCGTCATGGACTCCGGTG	188
actin	R:TGATGTCACGCACGATTTCC	188
ghr	F:GCTCCTTCTCCTGGTTTCCT	129
ghr	R:GTCTCCTGCTCCCTCGATAC	129
igf1	F:GATGCTTCTTCACCCGTCAC	143
igf1	R:CCACCTGGTCTTTGTGCTTT	143

指标 Index	实验鱼 Experimental fish	组别Group
指标 Index	实验鱼 Experimental fish	2.5%	4.0%	5.5%	7.0%
初始体质量/g IBW	HF₂	4.38±0.68
初始体质量/g IBW	AS	4.83±0.66
末体质量/g FBW	HF₂	17.25±1.22^c	24.64±0.22^aA	21.45±0.78^bA	12.76±0.57^d
末体质量/g FBW	AS	16.52±0.54^b	21.77±1.11^aB	17.41±1.42^bB	13.67±1.08^c
增重率/% WGR	HF₂	294.26±27.80^cA	462.98±11.25^aA	390.23±17.83^bA	191.51±20.25^d
增重率/% WGR	AS	242.31±11.13^bB	351.04±22.99^aB	260.73±29.35^bB	183.15±22.38^c
特定生长率/% SGR	HF₂	3.51±0.18^cA	4.43±0.02^aA	4.07±0.09^bA	2.74±0.11^d
特定生长率/% SGR	AS	3.15±0.08^bB	3.86±0.13^aB	3.28±0.21^bB	2.66±0.21^c
肥满度/% CF	HF₂	1.91±0.18^b	3.01±0.13^a	2.07±0.23^b	2.13±0.15^b
肥满度/% CF	AS	2.14±0.15^b	2.72±0.40^a	2.23±0.20^ab	1.92±0.01^b
肝体指数/% HSI	HF₂	2.06±0.31^ab	2.46±0.11^a	2.23±0.05^a	1.91±0.11^b
肝体指数/% HSI	AS	1.95±0.11^ab	2.35±0.17^a	2.31±0.20^a	1.79±0.30^b
脏体指数/% VSI	HF₂	6.91±0.29	7.19±0.21	7.03±0.06	6.59±0.55
脏体指数/% VSI	AS	6.82±0.22	7.47±0.63	7.17±0.72	6.63±0.79
成活率/% SR	HF₂	90.00±2.72^a	94.44±1.57^a	93.33±2.72^a	80.00±2.72^b
成活率/% SR	AS	87.78±4.16^ab	95.56±1.57^a	92.22±1.57^a	78.89±1.57^b
体质量变异系数/%CV	HF₂	9.78±1.52	12.43±3.16	11.34±3.13	17.07±2.55
体质量变异系数/%CV	AS	7.49±1.68	11.84±4.55	13.29±2.48	16.34±3.80
饵料系数 FCR	HF₂	0.98±0.35	0.73±0.17	0.95±0.26	1.32±0.22
饵料系数 FCR	AS	1.08±0.40	0.90±0.24	1.31±0.44	1.42±0.45

指标 Index	实验鱼 Experimental fish	组别Group
指标 Index	实验鱼 Experimental fish	2.5%	4.0%	5.5%	7.0%
初始体质量/g IBW	HF₂	4.38±0.68
初始体质量/g IBW	AS	4.83±0.66
末体质量/g FBW	HF₂	17.25±1.22^c	24.64±0.22^aA	21.45±0.78^bA	12.76±0.57^d
末体质量/g FBW	AS	16.52±0.54^b	21.77±1.11^aB	17.41±1.42^bB	13.67±1.08^c
增重率/% WGR	HF₂	294.26±27.80^cA	462.98±11.25^aA	390.23±17.83^bA	191.51±20.25^d
增重率/% WGR	AS	242.31±11.13^bB	351.04±22.99^aB	260.73±29.35^bB	183.15±22.38^c
特定生长率/% SGR	HF₂	3.51±0.18^cA	4.43±0.02^aA	4.07±0.09^bA	2.74±0.11^d
特定生长率/% SGR	AS	3.15±0.08^bB	3.86±0.13^aB	3.28±0.21^bB	2.66±0.21^c
肥满度/% CF	HF₂	1.91±0.18^b	3.01±0.13^a	2.07±0.23^b	2.13±0.15^b
肥满度/% CF	AS	2.14±0.15^b	2.72±0.40^a	2.23±0.20^ab	1.92±0.01^b
肝体指数/% HSI	HF₂	2.06±0.31^ab	2.46±0.11^a	2.23±0.05^a	1.91±0.11^b
肝体指数/% HSI	AS	1.95±0.11^ab	2.35±0.17^a	2.31±0.20^a	1.79±0.30^b
脏体指数/% VSI	HF₂	6.91±0.29	7.19±0.21	7.03±0.06	6.59±0.55
脏体指数/% VSI	AS	6.82±0.22	7.47±0.63	7.17±0.72	6.63±0.79
成活率/% SR	HF₂	90.00±2.72^a	94.44±1.57^a	93.33±2.72^a	80.00±2.72^b
成活率/% SR	AS	87.78±4.16^ab	95.56±1.57^a	92.22±1.57^a	78.89±1.57^b
体质量变异系数/%CV	HF₂	9.78±1.52	12.43±3.16	11.34±3.13	17.07±2.55
体质量变异系数/%CV	AS	7.49±1.68	11.84±4.55	13.29±2.48	16.34±3.80
饵料系数 FCR	HF₂	0.98±0.35	0.73±0.17	0.95±0.26	1.32±0.22
饵料系数 FCR	AS	1.08±0.40	0.90±0.24	1.31±0.44	1.42±0.45