概率评估福建南部沿海水产品中镉食用健康风险

doi:10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2023.05.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水产品中镉污染状况较为普遍,为了解其在水产品中的污染状况,评估其食用健康风险,本文以2017—2022年福建南部沿海水产品中镉的监测结果及水产品膳食消费的调查数据为基础,采用蒙特卡洛法进行概率风险评估。结果共检测水产品1 004份,各类水产品中镉平均含量顺序为头足类≈蟹类>贝类>藻类>虾类>鱼类;25.6%的蟹类超出限量标准,主要为海捕蟹,其他种类水产品均无超标;贝类、蟹类和头足类对由水产品摄入镉贡献总和为85.8%~93.5%;总体居民镉食用健康风险值(MOE)的P50、P90、P97.5均远小于安全限量1;按年龄组细分评估,少年组P97.5的MOE为0.687,接近于安全限;贝类和蟹类对MOE方差贡献大,敏感度达86.2%~99.1%。结果表明,福建南部沿海居民膳食水产品摄入镉的食用健康风险在可接受范围内,但应对少年组进行膳食结构指导。人体从水产品摄入的镉主要来源于贝类、蟹类和头足类。选择镉含量较低的贝类和蟹类,可有效降低水产品镉的食用健康风险。

关键词: 福建南部沿海, 水产品, 镉, 主要来源, 健康风险评估

Abstract:

Cadmium pollution in aquatic products was common.In order to investigate the cadmium pollution in aquatic products and assess the health risk,cadmium concentration in aquatic products collected from southern coast of Fujian Province in China were detected form 2017 to 2022,combined with the survey results of dietary consumption of aquatic products to assess the health risk by Monte Carlo method.The results showed that a total of 1 004 aquatic products were detected,while the average concentration of cadmium in various aquatic products decreased in the following sequence:caphalopoda≈crabs>shellfish>algae>shrimp>fish.All kinds of aquatic products except crabs met the standards.About 25.6% crabs exceeded the standards,most of them were sea crabs.The contribution of shellfish,crabs and cephalopods to the cadmium intake of total aquatic products reached 85.8%-93.5%.P50,P90,P97.5 of MOE which reflect the overall resident’s cadmium health risk were far less than the safety limit of 1.According to the assessment by age group,the P97.5 risk value of the juvenile group was 0.687,which was closed to the safety limit.Shellfish and crabs made a great contribution to the variance of the risk value MOE,and their sensitivity reached 86.2%-99.1%.In general,the health risk of cadmium intake in dietary aquatic products of coastal residents in southern Fujian was acceptable,but dietary guidance should be provided for the juvenile group.People cadmium intake in aquatic products was mainly from shellfish,crabs and cephalopods.Eating shellfish and crabs with less cadmium concentration could effectively reduce the cadmium health risk from aquatic products.

Key words: southern coast of Fujian Province, aquatic products, cadmium, main source, health risk assessment

中图分类号:

刘海新, 杨妙峰, 郑盛华, 陈宇锋, 王丽娟, 汤水粉, 余颖, 罗方方. 概率评估福建南部沿海水产品中镉食用健康风险[J]. 渔业研究, 2023, 45(5): 480-489.

LIU Haixin, YANG Miaofeng, ZHENG Shenghua, CHEN Yufeng, WANG Lijuan, TANG Shuifen, YU Ying, LUO Fangfang. Probabilistic health risk assessment of cadmium intake in aquatic products along the southern coast of Fujian Province in China[J]. Journal of Fisheries Research, 2023, 45(5): 480-489.

图/表 11

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年龄组Age groups	年龄Age	体重/kg Body weight
少年Juvenile	7~17	43.3
青年Youth	18~40	61.6
中年Middle age	41~65	64.8
老年Old age	≥66	59.1

年龄组Age groups	年龄Age	体重/kg Body weight
少年Juvenile	7~17	43.3
青年Youth	18~40	61.6
中年Middle age	41~65	64.8
老年Old age	≥66	59.1

种类 Species	少年(≤18岁) Juvenile	青年(19~40岁) Youth	中年(41~60岁) Middle age	老年(>60岁) Old age	平均 Average
鱼类Fish	12.83	35.89	29.14	14.32	29.92
虾类Shrimp	13.49	9.78	4.54	3.65	7.94
蟹类Crab	5.84	6.08	3.50	4.00	5.31
贝类Shellfish	21.27	20.37	15.88	12.01	18.06
头足类Cephalopods	4.14	5.95	3.58	1.94	4.77
藻类Algae	6.97	9.70	10.14	5.36	8.78

种类 Species	少年(≤18岁) Juvenile	青年(19~40岁) Youth	中年(41~60岁) Middle age	老年(>60岁) Old age	平均 Average
鱼类Fish	12.83	35.89	29.14	14.32	29.92
虾类Shrimp	13.49	9.78	4.54	3.65	7.94
蟹类Crab	5.84	6.08	3.50	4.00	5.31
贝类Shellfish	21.27	20.37	15.88	12.01	18.06
头足类Cephalopods	4.14	5.95	3.58	1.94	4.77
藻类Algae	6.97	9.70	10.14	5.36	8.78

种类 Species	样品数/个 Number	含量范围/ mg·kg^-1 Content range	平均值/mg·kg^-1 Average	标准偏差/mg·kg^-1 Standard deviation	超标率/% Exceeding standard rate
鱼类Fish	128	ND~0.070 0	0.0076 0	0.012 8	0
虾类Shrimp	178	ND~0.066 0	0.017 4	0.017 8	0
蟹类Crab	355	0.011 0~1.86	0.334	0.346	25.6
贝类Shellfish	184	0.085 0~1.02	0.195	0.231	0
头足类Cephalopods	88	0.013 0~0.760	0.299	0.164	0
藻类Algae	71	0.001 40~0.120	0.049 6	0.032 2	/