关键词: 漳州, 金刚虾, 养殖特性, 存在问题, 对策措施

Abstract: From April to December in 2021, 68 typical farms and 265 culture questionnaires of diamond shrimp (Penaeus monodon) were investigated in Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province. The results showed that there were mild climate, long sunshine time and long coastline in Zhangzhou, which was suitable for the shrimp culture. The mainly diamond shrimp culture mode in Zhangzhou were using soil pond and higher place pond, where were mainly distributed in Longhai District , Zhangpu County, Dongshan County and Zhao’an County, respectively. There were 2-3 times harvests a year which the stocking density ,survival rate,feed coefficient,output and profit were (1.50-4.50)×10⁵ ind/hm², 73.90%, 1.63, (0.38-0.98)×10⁴ kg/hm² and RMB (1.20-12.75)×10⁴ yuan/hm² in 3-10 salinity mixed by groundwater and bittern in soil pond ,respectively. There were 2-3 times harvests a year too, which the stocking density ,survival rate,feed coefficient,output and profit were (1.50-6.00)×10⁶ ind/hm², 74.58%, 1.84, (0.83-10.20)×10⁴ kg/hm² and RMB (3.53-11.09)×10⁵ yuan/hm² using 20-30 salinity natural seawater in higher place pond,respectively. The production of diamond shrimp larvae was increased year by year in Zhangzhou which the increase amount were 7.76% to 39.41% from 2017 to 2020.There was a slightly decline by 32.46% in 2021.At present, the basis and age of the employees of diamond shrimp farmers were poor and old in Zhangzhou,respectively. There was a single specie for selection.The stocking density of higher place pond had been blindly increased, and the aquaculture tailwater was difficult to be treated.The fine management was employed to improve the breeding efficiency,and the "white + black (Litopenaeus vannamei + P. monodon)" healthy breeding mode was popularized for promoting the sustainable and healthy development of diamond shrimp culture.

Key words: Zhangzhou, diamond shrimp (Penaeus monodon), breeding characteristics, existing problems, countermeasures