Vibrios are ubiquitous and abundant in the aquatic environment. A high abundance of vibrios is also detected in tissues and/or organs of various marine algae and animals, e.g., abalones, bivalves, corals, fish, shrimp, sponges, squid, and zooplankton. Vibrios harbour a wealth of diverse genomes as revealed by different genomic techniques including amplified fragment length polymorphism, multilocus sequence typing, repetetive extragenic palindrome PCR, ribotyping, and whole-genome sequencing. The 74 species of this group are distributed among four different families, i.e., Enterovibrionaceae, Photobacteriaceae, Salinivibrionaceae, and Vibrionaceae. Two new genera, i.e., Enterovibrio norvegicus and Grimontia hollisae, and 20 novel species, i.e., Enterovibrio coralii, Photobacterium eurosenbergii, V. brasiliensis, V. chagasii, V. coralliillyticus, V. crassostreae, V. fortis, V. gallicus, V. hepatarius, V. hispanicus, V. kanaloaei, V. neonatus, V. neptunius, V. pomeroyi, V. pacinii, V. rotiferianus, V. superstes, V. tasmaniensis, V. ezurae, and V. xuii, have been described in the last few years. Comparative genome analyses have already revealed a variety of genomic events, including mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, loss of genes by decay or deletion, and gene acquisitions through duplication or horizontal transfer (e.g., in the acquisition of bacteriophages, pathogenicity islands, and super-integrons), that are probably important driving forces in the evolution and speciation of vibrios. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics through the application of, e.g., microarrays will facilitate the investigation of the gene repertoire at the species level. Based on such new genomic information, the taxonomy and the species concept for vibrios will be reviewed in the next years.

2018年，宁德蕉城大湾渔排大黄鱼出现体表和鳍条溃疡、出血、鳃缺损等症状。为鉴定该菌株并评估其致病性，本研究从患病大黄鱼鳃部分离得到一株优势菌株，生理生化特征显示，该菌株可在TCBS培养基上生长，菌落颜色为黄色，为革兰阴性短杆菌，具有嗜盐性，生理生化指标与标准株17700一致。结合生理生化指标与16SrDNA 分析，确定该菌为溶藻弧菌，命名为Val180620。攻毒结果显示，Val180620菌株对大黄鱼具有较强的致病力，在水温25 ℃腹腔注射感染时，对规格（20±2）g大黄鱼的LD50为2.38×106 CFU。毒力相关基因分析结果表明，Val180620菌株携带有CollagenaseVA、ToxR、FlaA和TRH等毒力相关基因。此外，本研究未从菌株Val180620中检测出UreR基因，但菌株Val180620仍表现出较强的致病性，说明UreR不是决定溶藻弧菌毒力的主要因子。

创伤弧菌引起的坏死性筋膜炎具有高度的侵袭性和致命性，早期识别皮疹和干预可降低死亡率。本文报告创伤弧菌引起的坏死性筋膜炎2例。病例1，男，44岁，双下肢肿痛伴皮肤淤斑4天，既往有高血压病史和酗酒史。皮肤科查体：双下肢肿胀、广泛大片淤斑，部分张力性水疱、大疱和血疱。病例2，女，62岁，右上肢淤斑1天，腹痛和意识障碍半天。皮肤科查体：右上肢9 cm×10 cm大小的淤斑，上有个别水疱和血疱。2例患者的皮损分泌物培养均为创伤弧菌，结合临床症状，均诊断为创伤弧菌感染引起的坏死性筋膜炎。1例治疗无效死亡，1例放弃治疗，自动出院。提示四肢进行性淤斑和其上水疱或血疱可能是创伤弧菌引起的坏死性筋膜炎较早的危险信号。

近年来，对虾急性肝胰腺坏死病（AHPND）在全球范围内暴发，给对虾养殖业造成了严重的损失。为了进一步掌握中国明对虾AHPND的暴发与池塘水体中弧菌数量的关系，本文采用套式PCR法以及TCBS选择培养基法，分别对2018年4—9月采集的样品进行AHPND致病基因检测和池塘水体中弧菌数量的分析。套式PCR检测结果显示，7、8月AHPND检出率较高，分别达到15.6%、25.0%，其他月份未有阳性样品检出；TCBS选择培养基结果显示，在调水、控料等措施之下，4月至9月期间各虾池的弧菌数量控制在0~8.6×103 cfu?mL?1之内，其中7、8月达到高峰。另外，将本次试验中发现的TCBS黑色弧菌菌落，进行16S rRNA菌落PCR并测序，运用Mega 6软件中的Neighbor-Joining法构建系统进化树，结果显示其与溶藻弧菌（Vibrio alginolyticus）亲缘关系较近。本文针对该病的基本情况，结合近几年国内外的研究进展，提出了一些防控措施，为进一步控制该病害的发生提供了依据。

本研究对分离自发病鳗鲡的疑似创伤弧菌进行鉴定及血清型分析，经生化鉴定，从发病鳗鲡中得到7株创伤弧菌；设计了创伤弧菌溶血素基因（vlly）特异性引物,并对分离菌进行了PCR检测，创伤弧菌均可扩增出溶血素基因352 bp的目标片段，而非创伤弧菌未扩增出相应的片段；制备了创伤弧菌抗O抗原血清，凝集反应显示所得到的鳗源创伤弧菌抗O抗原血清不能与人源创伤弧菌1.1758发生凝集反应，菌株FJ03-X2 抗O抗原血清可与大部分的鳗源创伤弧菌发生凝集反应。以上研究结果表明,基于溶血素基因设计的PCR引物具有良好的特异性,可用于创伤弧菌检测，鳗源创伤弧菌血清型不同于其他来源的创伤弧菌，菌株FJ03-X2的O抗原具有良好的免疫原性，可作为创伤弧菌疫苗研发的候选菌株。

Six commercially available bacterial identification products were tested with Vibrio alginolyticus (12 strains), V. cholerae (30 strains), Photobacterium (Vibrio) damselae (10 strains), V. fluvialis (10 strains), V. furnissii (4 strains), V. hollisae (10 strains), V. metschnikovii (9 strains), V. mimicus (10 strains), V. parahaemolyticus (30 strains), and V. vulnificus (10 strains) to determine the accuracy of each system for identification. The products included API 20E, Crystal E/NF, MicroScan Neg ID2 and Rapid Neg ID3, and Vitek GNI+ and ID-GNB. Each product was tested only with those species that were listed in its database. Overall, the systems correctly identified 63.9, 80.9, 63.1, 73.6, 73.5, and 77.7% of the isolates to species level, respectively. Error rates ranged from 0.8% for the API 20E to 10.4% for the Rapid Neg ID3. The API 20E gave "no identification" for 13.1% of the isolates, while the Neg ID2, GNI+, ID-GNB, and Crystal were unable to identify 1.8, 2.9, 5.0, and 6.9%, respectively. For V. cholerae, specifically, accuracy ranged from 50.0 to 96.7%, with the API 20E having the worst performance and Crystal having the best. V. fluvialis presented the biggest challenge for the API 20E and the GNI+, with probabilities averaging 10%, while V. mimicus was a major problem with the Crystal E/NF, which identified none of the strains correctly. With the Neg ID2, correct answers were often obtained only after a modified inoculation of the panel with a bacterial suspension prepared with 0.85% NaCl. Additional tests required for identification often included growth in the absence of NaCl, which is not readily available in most clinical laboratories. The only product to correctly identify at least 90% of V. cholerae strains was the Crystal E/NF, and only three of the six products, the API 20E and both of the Vitek cards, correctly identified more than 90% of the V. parahaemolyticus strains. Thus, extreme care must be taken in the interpretation of answers from these six commercially available systems for the identification of Vibrio species.

Because biochemical testing and 16S rRNA sequence analysis have proven inadequate for the differentiation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from closely related species, we employed the gyrase B gene (gyrB) as a molecular diagnostic probe. The gyrB genes of V. parahaemolyticus and closely related Vibrio alginolyticus were cloned and sequenced. Oligonucleotide PCR primers were designed for the amplification of a 285-bp fragment from within gyrB specific for V. parahaemolyticus. These primers recognized 117 of 117 reference and wild-type V. parahaemolyticus strains, whereas amplification did not occur when 90 strains of 37 other Vibrio species or 60 strains representing 34 different nonvibrio species were tested. In 100-microliter PCR mixtures, the lower detection limits were 5 CFU for live cells and 4 pg for purified DNA. The possible application of gyrB primers for the routine identification of V. parahaemolyticus in food was examined. We developed and tested a procedure for the specific detection of the target organism in shrimp consisting of an 18-h preenrichment followed by PCR amplification of the 285-bp V. parahaemolyticus-specific fragment. This method enabled us to detect an initial inoculum of 1.5 CFU of V. parahaemolyticus cells per g of shrimp homogenate. By this approach, we were able to detect V. parahaemolyticus in all of 27 shrimp samples artificially inoculated with this bacterium. We present here a rapid, reliable, and sensitive protocol for the detection of V. parahaemolyticus in shrimp.

Isolation of Vibrio hollisae strains, particularly from the environment, is rare. This may be due, in part, to the difficulty encountered when using conventional biochemical tests to identify the microorganism. In this study, we evaluated whether two particular genes may be useful for the identification of V. hollisae. The two genes are presumed to be conserved among the bacterial species (gyrB) or among the species of the genus Vibrio (toxR). A portion of the gyrB sequence of V. hollisae was cloned by PCR using a set of degenerate primers. The sequence showed 80% identity with the corresponding Vibrio parahaemolyticus gyrB sequence. The toxR gene of V. hollisae was cloned utilizing a htpG gene probe derived from the V. parahaemolyticus htpG gene, which is known to be linked to the toxR gene in V. hollisae. The coding sequence of the cloned V. hollisae toxR gene had 59% identity with the V. parahaemolyticus toxR coding sequence. The results of DNA colony hybridization tests using the DNA probes derived from the two genes of V. hollisae indicated that these gene sequences could be utilized for differentiation of V. hollisae from other Vibrio species and from microorganisms found in marine fish. PCR methods targeting the two gene sequences were established. Both PCR methods were shown to specifically detect the respective target sequences of V. hollisae but not other organisms. A strain of V. hollisae added at a concentration of 1 to 10(2) CFU/ml to alkaline peptone water containing a seafood sample could be detected by a 4-h enrichment incubation in alkaline peptone water at 37 degrees C followed by quick DNA extraction with an extraction kit and 35-cycle PCR specific for the V. hollisae toxR gene. We conclude that screening of seafood samples by this 35-cycle, V. hollisae toxR-specific PCR, followed by isolation on a differential medium and identification by the above htpG- and toxR-targeted PCR methods, can be useful for isolation from the environment and identification of V. hollisae.