重金属镉、锌、铬对翘嘴鲌幼鱼急性与联合毒性效应试验

doi:10.14012/j.cnki.fjsc.2022.01.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究重金属镉、锌、铬对重要经济鱼类翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus Basilewsky)的急性毒性和联合毒性效应,在水温为(22±1)℃的条件下,采用静水生物测试法分别进行Cd²⁺、Zn²⁺和Cr⁶⁺对翘嘴鲌幼鱼的单一急性毒性试验及两两联合毒性试验,运用水生毒理联合效应Marking指数相加法评价三种重金属的两两联合毒性效应。单一毒性试验结果表明:Cd²⁺、Zn²⁺和Cr⁶⁺对翘嘴鲌幼鱼24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的半数致死浓度分别为12.29、9.56、7.41、 6.05 mg/L,41.92、34.43、27.37、22.23 mg/L,39.47、32.68、27.25、25.72 mg/L;其安全浓度分别为0.605、2.223、2.572 mg/L。联合毒性试验结果表明:随着各金属离子浓度的升高和重金属胁迫时间的不断推进,每二者组合对翘嘴鲌幼鱼的联合毒性逐渐增强;Cd²⁺/Zn²⁺、Zn²⁺/Cr⁶⁺、Cd²⁺/Cr⁶⁺在 24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的加和指数(AI)值均大于0,不同组合的联合毒性均表现为协同作用,即两种金属共存时毒性明显加强,其中Zn²⁺/Cr⁶⁺对翘嘴鲌的联合毒性最为强烈。

关键词: 急性毒性, 联合毒性, 重金属, 翘嘴鲌幼鱼, 生物监测

Abstract:

Heavy metal pollution is one of the most hazards of environmental pollution these years in fishery.With the development of industry and agriculture,a lot of heavy metal pollutants are released through various methods into the water body.Biological monitoring can reflect the environmental pollution conditions completely,sensitively and continuously.Culter alburnus Basilewsky is a widely exiting fish all over the whole country that with highly economic value.In order to estimate the acute toxicity and joint toxicity of heavy metal Cd²⁺,Zn²⁺and Cr⁶⁺toward C.alburnus Basilewsky,single chemical and mixture experiments were tested in still water at(22±1)℃.Results of single toxicity tests are as following:LC₅₀ of Cd²⁺ on C.alburnus in 24 h,48 h,72 h,96 h were respectively 12.29,9.56,7.41 and 6.05 mg/L,LC₅₀ of Zn²⁺were respectively 41.92,34.43,27.37 and 22.23 mg/L,LC₅₀ of Cr⁶⁺ were respectively 39.47,32.68,27.25 and 25.72 mg/L;the safety concentrations for Cd²⁺,Zn²⁺and Cr⁶⁺were respectively 0.605,2.223 and 2.572 mg/L.Joint toxicity experiments indicated that AI>0 of the coexistence of Cd²⁺/Zn²⁺ in 24 h,48 h,72 h,96 h,as well as Zn²⁺/Cr⁶⁺and Cd²⁺/Cr⁶⁺.Every coexistence group showed synergy.Among these groups,the joint toxicity of Zn²⁺/Cr⁶⁺suggested the most intensive.

Key words: acute toxicity, joint toxicity, heavy metal, Culter alburnus Basilewsky larva, biological monitoring

中图分类号:

X171.5

母红霞, 李蕾. 重金属镉、锌、铬对翘嘴鲌幼鱼急性与联合毒性效应试验[J]. 渔业研究, 2022, 44(1): 69-77.

MU Hongxia, LI Lei. The acute toxicity and joint toxicity effect of cadmium, zinc and chromium on Culter alburnus Basilewsky larva[J]. Journal of Fisheries Research, 2022, 44(1): 69-77.

图/表 8

参考文献 30

[1]	Ahemad M. Remediation of metalliferous soils through the heavy metal resistant plant growth promoting bacteria:Paradigms and prospects[J]. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2019, 12(7) :1365-1377.
[2]	Satarug S, Garrett S H, Sens M A, et al. Cadmium,environmental exposure,and health outcomes[J]. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 2010, 16(5) :2587-2602.
[3]	Zhang W L, Du Y, Zhai M M, et al. Cadmium exposure and its health effects:a 19-year follow-up study of a polluted area in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014,470- 471(2) :224-228.
[4]	Zhai Q X, Yin R J, Yu L L, et al. Screening of lactic acid bacteria with potential protective effects against cadmium toxicity[J]. Food Control, 2015, 54 :23-30.
[5]	Nys C, Regenmortel T V, Janssen C R, et al. A framework for ecological risk assessment of metal mixtures in aquatic systems[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2018, 37(3) :623-642. DOI PMID
[6]	吴建绍, 李雷斌, 朱志煌, 等. 6种药物对双斑东方鲀(Fugu bimaculatus)幼鱼的急性毒性试验[J]. 渔业研究, 2017, 39(6) :455-462.
[7]	庄平. 长江中下游土著和外来鱼种[M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 2014 :88-89.
[8]	贾秀英, 董爱华. Cd和Cr(VI) 单一及复合污染对鲫鱼组织过氧化物酶同工酶的影响[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2004, 4(2) :19-21.
[9]	赵守城.镉、铬离子对大型水蚤(Daphnia magna)毒性的协同作用[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2000, 16(5) :36.
[10]	Xu X M, Cui Z J, Wang S S. Joint toxicity on hepatic detoxication enzymes in goldfish(Carassius auratus) exposed to binary mixtures of lead and paraquat[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2018, 62(6) :60-68.
[11]	奚旦立. 环境监测[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2019 :251-253.
[12]	丁淑荃, 万全, 范文张, 等. 五种药物对花骨苗的急性毒性试验[J]. 淡水渔业, 2006, 36(5):48-51.
[13]	陈玲, 郜洪文. 现代环境分析技术[M].第二版. 北京: 科学出版社, 2013 :306-312.
[14]	修瑞琴, 许永香, 高世荣, 等. 砷与镉、锌离子对斑马鱼的联合毒性实验[J]. 中国环境科学, 1998, 18(4) :349-352.
[15]	Pragati N K, Hena F. Dietary cadmium(Cd) reduces hemocyte level by induction of apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,Part C:Toxicology & Pharmacology, 2021, 250:109188.
[16]	曾艳艺, 赖子尼, 杨婉玲, 等. 铜和镉对珠江天然仔鱼和幼鱼的毒性效应及其潜在生态风险[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2014, 9(1) :49-55.
[17]	Si L F, Wang C C, Guo S N, et al. The lagged effects of environmentally relevant zinc on non-specific immunity in zebrafish[J]. Chemosphere, 2019, 214 :85-93.
[18]	王瑞龙, 马广智, 方展强.铜、镉、锌对唐鱼的急性毒性及安全浓度评价[J]. 水产科学, 2006, 25(3) :117-120.
[19]	陈细香, 谢嘉华, 卢昌义, 等. 汞和铬对黄鳝的急性毒性研究[J]. 水利渔业, 2008, 28(2) :103-104.
[20]	廖自基. 微量元的素环境化学及生物效应[M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1992 :210-323.
[21]	Elena V N, Carmen G P, Perales J A. Recycling “waste” nutrients back into RAS and FTS marine aquaculture facilities from the perspective of the circular economy[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 762(4) :143057.
[22]	吴贤汉, 江新霁, 张宝录, 等. 几种重金属对青岛文昌鱼的毒性及生长的影响[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 1999, 30(6) :604-608.
[23]	刘银华, 何国森, 陈度煌, 等. 铬、锌、镉对黄颡鱼“全雄1号”的急性毒性及安全评价[J]. 渔业研究, 2018, 40(1) :66-70.
[24]	李健. 长江上游15种常见鱼类体内5种重金属含量及水体镉暴露对南方鲇生态毒理学效应[D]. 重庆: 西南大学, 2016.
[25]	吴玉霖, 赵鸿儒, 侯兰英. 重金属对牙鲆胚胎和仔鱼的影响[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 1990, 31(4) :386-392.
[26]	张云龙, 袁娟, 陈丽萍, 等. 三种重金属对鲫鱼苗的急性毒性和联合毒性试验[J]. 河北渔业, 2011,(2) :24-27.
[27]	王少博, 王维民, 郭亚楠, 等. 重金属镉和铬对草鱼苗的急性和慢性毒性效应[J]. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 43(4) :60-64.
[28]	Eaton J G. Chronic toxicity of a copper,cadmium and zinc mixture to the fithead minnow(Pim cobales Promelas)[J]. Water Research Pergamon, 1973, 17 :1723 -1736.
[29]	Speher R L, Eiandt T. Chronic effects of cadmium and zinc mixture on flag fish(Jordanella floridiae)[J]. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 1987, 107(2) :354-358.
[30]	陈亮, 章文波, 霍正, 等. 重金属联合毒性对蚤类与鱼类敏感性的影响及预测模型研究进展[J]. 南华大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 35(1) :1-9.

金属组合 Joint toxicity	各自浓度/(mg/L) Each concentration		存活率/% Survival rate
金属组合 Joint toxicity	各自浓度/(mg/L) Each concentration		24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
Cd²⁺/Zn²⁺	Cd²⁺	Zn²⁺
	0.38	1.39	100±0.0	85±2.1	80±2.2	65±2.2
	0.76	2.78	90±2.1	80±1.9	70±2	60±2.2
	1.51	5.56	85±1.7	75±1.9	55±1.9	40±1.9
	3.02	11.12	65±1.5	57±1.7	45±1.8	35±1.6
	6.05	22.23	20±1.3	5±0.1	0±0.0	0±0.0
对照Control	0	0	100±0.0	100±0.0	100±0.0	100±0.0
Zn²⁺/Cr⁶⁺	Zn²⁺	Cr⁶⁺
	1.39	1.61	95±1.9	80±1.8	70±1.6	65±1.5
	2.78	3.22	90±1.4	75±1.6	60±1.4	55±1.2
	5.56	6.43	70±1.2	60±1.0	40±1.0	35±1.2
	11.12	12.86	40±0.9	30±1.0	15±0.8	10±0.5
	22.23	25.72	20±0.4	5±0.2	0±0.0	0±0.0
对照Control	0	0	100±0.0	100±0.0	100±0.0	100±0.0
Cd²⁺/Cr⁶⁺	Cd²⁺	Cr⁶⁺
	0.38	1.61	90±3.0	85±3.0	80±2.8	70±2.3
	0.76	3.22	85±2.4	80±2.6	70±2	60±2.0
	1.51	6.43	80±2.0	75±1.8	65±1.8	20±1.1
	3.02	12.86	80±2.0	45±1.3	40±1.2	15±0.7
	6.05	25.72	35±1.1	20±0.3	0±0.0	0±0.0
对照Control	0	0	100±0.0	100±0.0	100±0.0	100±0.0

金属组合 Joint toxicity	各自浓度/(mg/L) Each concentration		存活率/% Survival rate
金属组合 Joint toxicity	各自浓度/(mg/L) Each concentration		24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
Cd²⁺/Zn²⁺	Cd²⁺	Zn²⁺
	0.38	1.39	100±0.0	85±2.1	80±2.2	65±2.2
	0.76	2.78	90±2.1	80±1.9	70±2	60±2.2
	1.51	5.56	85±1.7	75±1.9	55±1.9	40±1.9
	3.02	11.12	65±1.5	57±1.7	45±1.8	35±1.6
	6.05	22.23	20±1.3	5±0.1	0±0.0	0±0.0
对照Control	0	0	100±0.0	100±0.0	100±0.0	100±0.0
Zn²⁺/Cr⁶⁺	Zn²⁺	Cr⁶⁺
	1.39	1.61	95±1.9	80±1.8	70±1.6	65±1.5
	2.78	3.22	90±1.4	75±1.6	60±1.4	55±1.2
	5.56	6.43	70±1.2	60±1.0	40±1.0	35±1.2
	11.12	12.86	40±0.9	30±1.0	15±0.8	10±0.5
	22.23	25.72	20±0.4	5±0.2	0±0.0	0±0.0
对照Control	0	0	100±0.0	100±0.0	100±0.0	100±0.0
Cd²⁺/Cr⁶⁺	Cd²⁺	Cr⁶⁺
	0.38	1.61	90±3.0	85±3.0	80±2.8	70±2.3
	0.76	3.22	85±2.4	80±2.6	70±2	60±2.0
	1.51	6.43	80±2.0	75±1.8	65±1.8	20±1.1
	3.02	12.86	80±2.0	45±1.3	40±1.2	15±0.7
	6.05	25.72	35±1.1	20±0.3	0±0.0	0±0.0
对照Control	0	0	100±0.0	100±0.0	100±0.0	100±0.0

联合毒性 Joint toxicity test	组成 Composition	半数致死浓度/(mg/L)LC₅₀
联合毒性 Joint toxicity test	组成 Composition	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
Cd²⁺/Zn²⁺	Cd²⁺	4.03	3.95	2.26	1.13
Cd²⁺/Zn²⁺	Zn²⁺	14.82	14.54	8.34	4.17
Zn²⁺/Cr⁶⁺	Zn²⁺	9.27	7.41	4.17	3.48
Zn²⁺/Cr⁶⁺	Cr⁶⁺	10.72	8.57	4.82	4.02
Cd²⁺/Cr⁶⁺	Cd²⁺	5.04	2.77	2.42	0.95
Cd²⁺/Cr⁶⁺	Cr⁶⁺	21.43	11.79	10.29	4.02

联合毒性 Joint toxicity test	组成 Composition	半数致死浓度/(mg/L)LC₅₀
联合毒性 Joint toxicity test	组成 Composition	24 h	48 h	72 h	96 h
Cd²⁺/Zn²⁺	Cd²⁺	4.03	3.95	2.26	1.13
Cd²⁺/Zn²⁺	Zn²⁺	14.82	14.54	8.34	4.17
Zn²⁺/Cr⁶⁺	Zn²⁺	9.27	7.41	4.17	3.48
Zn²⁺/Cr⁶⁺	Cr⁶⁺	10.72	8.57	4.82	4.02
Cd²⁺/Cr⁶⁺	Cd²⁺	5.04	2.77	2.42	0.95
Cd²⁺/Cr⁶⁺	Cr⁶⁺	21.43	11.79	10.29	4.02