Abstract: This thesis studies such factors as three-dimensional structure, molecular weight and sulfate radical that influence the biological activity of sulfated polysaccharides, compares the extraction rate of sulfated polysaccharides among several extracting methods including hot water diffusion, enzymatic extraction and ultrasonic extraction and summarizes the biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides in terms of anticoagulation, anti-virus, anti-tumor, antioxidation, hyperglycemic, hypolipidemic and so on. At last, the paper proposes the prospect of the development and application of sulfated polysaccharides in marine biological pharmaceutical industry.