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›› 2020, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 429-444.

• 论文与报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

东牙溪水库蓝藻水华的应急与长效管控效果

林映津1,曾小妹1,2,陈倩1,谢贻冬3   

  1. 1. 华川技术有限公司
    2. 福建省湖库流域生态修复工程研究中心
    3.
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-08 修回日期:2020-06-18 出版日期:2020-10-26 发布日期:2020-10-26
  • 通讯作者: 林映津
  • 基金资助:
    福建省科技厅高校产学研合作项目;福建省科技厅高校产学研合作项目

Emergency and long-term control effect of cyanobacteria bloom in Dongyaxi Reservoir

  • Received:2020-04-08 Revised:2020-06-18 Online:2020-10-26 Published:2020-10-26

摘要: 水库型水源地暴发的蓝藻水华,常常严重威胁当地居民的饮用水安全。2015年4—7月三明市饮用水源东牙溪水库发生了严重的蓝藻水华,本文重点分析、评价了该水库自2015年7月所采取的应急与长效控藻措施,结果表明:1)应急控藻处理23 d后水体各项指标趋于稳定,具体表现为:藻密度从8.4×107 cells/L降低至5.0×106 cells/L;Chl-a 从(22.73±0.22)μg/L降低至(9.80±0.19)μg/L;TP从(0.040±0.003)mg/L降低至(0.018±0.003)mg/L;TN从(1.21±0.04)mg/L降低至(0.74±0.03)mg/L;pH从(9.28±0.13)降低至(8.07±0.12);表层DO含量从(10.37±0.22)mg/L降低至(8.04±0.20) mg/L;CODMn从(3.69±0.08)mg/L降低至(2.12±0.07)mg/L;水体浊度从(22.14±0.34)mg/L降低至(3.27±0.16) mg/L,水质恢复良好。2)采用长效控藻技术后,库区上游空白对照区各理化指标及藻类指标均无明显变化,而上游入库段修复区、回瑶湾修复区及坝前修复区的水体理化和藻类指标控制良好,其中对水体TP含量具有极显著的削减效果,但对TN的削减不显著,这可能与TP、TN的去除机理有关;夏季水体Chl-a含量和藻类削减明显,水体综合营养指数呈逐年下降趋势,水质净化效果良好。

关键词: 东牙溪水库, 应急控藻, 长效控藻, 蓝藻水华, Dongyaxi Reservoir, algal blooms emergency treatment, long-term control of algae, cyanobacteria bloom

Abstract: The drinking water safety of local residents is often seriously threatened by cyanobacteria bloom in the reservoir water source. Since 2010, Dongyaxi Reservoir of Sanming City has shown a trend of eutrophication, and there are always signs of algae bloom in summer. In 2014, a small-scale bloom occurred in the reservoir area. From April to July in 2015, a severe cyanobacterial bloom occurred in the Dongyaxi Reservoir. This study analyzed the emergency and long-term algae control measures adopted by Dongyaxi reservoir since July 2015. The results showed that the emergency and long-term algae control project could control algae well in summer: 1) After 23 days of emergency algal control treatment, the water body tended to be stable. As shown in detail: the algae density was reduced from 8.4×107 cells/L to 5.0×106 cells/L; Chl-a decreased from (22.73±0.22) μg/L to (9.80±0.19) μg/L; TP decreased from (0.040±0.003) mg/L to (0.018±0.003) mg/L; TN decreased from (1.21±0.04) mg/L to (0.74±0.03) mg; pH decreased from (9.28±0.13) to (8.07±0.12); CODMn decreased from (10.37 ±0.22) mg/L to (8.04±0.20) mg/L; water turbidity decreased from 22.14 mg/L to 3.27 mg/L, and the water quality recovered well. 2) After the long-term algae control technology, there was no significant change in the blank control area of the upper reaches of the reservoir, but the physical and chemical indexes and algae indexes of the water body in the upstream reservoir entry section, Huiyao Bay restoration area and the dam front restoration area were well controlled. The content of TP in the water had a very significant reduction effect, but the reduction of TN was not significant, it might be related to the removal mechanism of TN: In the process of TN removal, it was necessary to convert different forms of nitrogen in the water into nitrate nitrogen, and then used denitrification to convert it into nitrogen removal, but the denitrification process required an anaerobic environment, which contradicted the natural conditions and water oxygen, so the denitrification transformation efficiency was low, coupled with the cyanobacteria in the reservoir had a strong nitrogen fixation, so the control rate of TN was low. In summer, the content of Chl-a algae decreased obviously. In autumn and winter, algae settled into the sediment of water body in the form of dormant body to help themselves through the adverse environmental conditions. When the environmental conditions were suitable, these cysts could regerminate to form planktonic cells. Micro-nano bubble technology could destroy the resting body of algae cysts by aeration, thus destroying the secondary recovery of algae. The comprehensive nutrition index of water body showed a downward trend year by year from 2015 to 2018. The effect of the project on water purification was fine.

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