关键词: 鳜, 驯化率, 驯食方式, 饲料, Siniperca chuatsi, domestication rate, taming way, feed

Abstract: Due to the special feeding habits of Siniperca chuatsi, the supply of baited fish has gradually become the main limiting factor for the current production of Mandarin fish culture. Therefore, the development of Mandarin fish artificial feed farming is of great practical significance to improve the production and meet the market demand. Feed domestication of Mandarin fish is also a prerequisite for feed breeding. Although many scholars have made some progress in food domestication of Mandarin fish from the aspect of feeding behavior, as well as the feeding mechanism and routine domestication methods, relatively conventional domestication has a long period and complicated process, and the production of feed is time-consuming, laborious, difficult to transport and store, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of current large-scale domestication. In order to improve the domestication efficiency and simplify the domestication process in unit time, this study compared the domestication effects of conventional and rapid domestication, as well as hard pellet feed and soft pellet feed. Targeting fry with an initial average weight of (1.9 ± 0.4) g was divided into 3 groups including the group Ⅰ (rapid domesticated, soft granular feed), the group Ⅱ (conventional domesticated, soft granular feed), the group Ⅲ (conventional domesticated, hard granular feed). 3 tanks of each group, 100 tails fry of each tank. The ways of domestication in group Ⅰ: hunger→live bait→live bait and dead bait→dead bait and soft granular feed→soft granular feed. The ways of domestication in group Ⅱ: live bait→live bait and dead bait→death bait and freezed bait→freezed bait and mixed feed→soft granular feed. The ways of domestication in group III: live bait→live bait and dead bait→death bait and freezed bait→freezed bait and hard granular feed→hard granular feed. The results showed that: with domestication for 5 days and stable feeded for 3 days, the domestication rate was 78.73% of rapid domestication and soft granular feed technology; with domestication for 17 days and stable feeded for 3 days, the domestication rate was 91.35% of conventional domesticated and soft granular feed technology; with domestication for 17 days and stable feeded for 3 days, the domestication rate was 56.36% of conventional domesticated and hard granular feed technology. The study indicated that different domestication time, transition mode and feed can directly affect the adaptability and acceptance of vision and taste of Mandarin fish to different baits. It accepted pellet feed better after long-term routine domestication, and its domestication rate was significantly higher than that of short-term and rapid domestication. The domestication rate of rapid domestication was lower than that of conventional domestication, but the domestication cycle was obviously shortened. The domestication rate of soft granular feed was higher than that of hard granular feed. The acceptance of soft granular feed was higher than that of hard granular feed. The intake rate of soft granular feed was higher, which also helped to accelerate the adaptation process of mandarin fish to feed. In order to enhance the appetite of the fry and promote feeding, we had taken a fasting process on fry before domestication in the group Ⅰ, through this process to achieve rapid domestication. The results showed that the survival rate was significantly higher than that of the experimental group Ⅱ, although the rate of domestication was lower than that of the group Ⅱ.