关键词: 稻渔种养, 水生动物, 化肥, 农药, 经济效益, rice–aquatic culture, aquatic animal, fertilizer, pesticide, economic benefits

Abstract: Through the analysis and comparison of different rice-aquatic culture patterns, and the use of organic fertilizers, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, bio-pesticides and economic benefits were studied in the rice-aquatic (Procambarus clarkii, Macrobrachium nipponense, Amyda Sinensis) culture modes. The experimental data showed that the rice-crayfish culture which used 400 kg/667 m2 organic fertilizer, 15 kg/667 m2 urea, and 100 mL bio-pesticide of Bacillus thuringiensis harvested 506.8 kg/667 m2 rice and 106.7 kg/667 m2 crayfish, while the benefit is 4468.4 Yuan / 667 m2. The rice-shrimp culture which used 400 kg / 667 m2 organic fertilizer, 15 kg / 667 m2 urea, 15 kg / 667 m2 compound fertilizer, and 100 mL bio-pesticide of Empedobacter brevis harvested 514.2 kg/667 m2 rice and 56.4 kg/667 m2 shrimp, while the benefit was 3235.3 Yuan / 667 m2. The rice-turtle culture which used 400 kg / 667 m2 organic fertilizer, and 10 kg / 667 m2 microbial fertilizer, harvested 402.5 kg /667 m2 rice and 52.8 kg/667 m2 turtle, while the average annual benefit was 4309.2 Yuan / 667 m2. Compared with rice culture, the rice-crayfish culture reduced the application rate of chemical fertilizer by 50 kg/667 m2, which reduced the use of chemical fertilizer by 76.9%. The rice-shrimp culture decreased the application amount of chemical fertilizer by 35 kg/667 m2, which reduced the use of chemical fertilizer by 53.8%. In the management of rice diseases, the rice culture try to select microbial bio-pesticides instead of traditional pesticides. However, it is effective for common diseases such as rice leaf roller, rice planthopper, sheath blight and rice false smut, and the continuous protection time is more than 25 days. The results showed that the rice-aquatic culture effectively increased the use of organic fertilizers and bio-pesticides and reduced the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Simultaneously, the rice yield were relatively stable, the economic benefits were improved, and the pollution to the environment was reduced. In a word, it was an environmentally friendly and continuous production mode.