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›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 449-457.

• 论文与报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于GIS的深水网箱养殖适宜性评价——以长海县为例

邱明,张燕,隋传国,杨攀峰   

  1. 大连海洋大学
  • 收稿日期:2018-10-18 修回日期:2018-11-12 出版日期:2018-12-25 发布日期:2018-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 张燕
  • 基金资助:
    国家海洋局海域管理技术重点实验室基金资助项目;辽宁省教育厅一般项目

Suitability evaluation of deep - water cage aquaculture based on GIS --- taking Changhai County as an example

  • Received:2018-10-18 Revised:2018-11-12 Online:2018-12-25 Published:2018-12-26

摘要: 为科学规划深水网箱养殖用海,本文构建深水网箱养殖用海适宜性综合评价指标体系,采用层次分析法(AHP) 确定指标权重,综合加权计算深水网箱养殖适宜性指数,基于GIS技术进行适宜性结果的空间统计和分析,以长海海域为例进行实例研究。结果表明,长海海域适宜深水网箱养殖的面积为3 527.94 km2,占长海县海域总面积32 .7%,其中高适宜性海域分布于广鹿岛与格仙岛西部海域、獐子岛南部海域、石城岛与乌蟒岛之间部分海域和海洋岛南部海域,面积1 248.38 km2,占比11.57% ; 较高适宜性海域分布于獐子岛、海洋岛、乌蟒岛以及小长山岛周围海域,面积2 279. 56 km2,占比21.13% 。由于叶绿素浓度、距城镇距离限制等诸多因素的综合影响,不适宜深水网箱养殖区域主要分布于远离陆地和岛屿的海域,面积814.81km2,占比7 .56%,其他海域为中等适宜。

关键词: 适宜性评价, GIS, 层次分析法(AHP), 深水网箱, 海水养殖, suitability evaluation, GIS, analytic hierarchy process(AHP), deep-water cage aquaculture, mariculture

Abstract: The rigid constraints of the marine environment and the fierce competition from the sea use of various industries have led to the continuous extrusion of marine aquaculture areas, especially in coastal waters. Therefore, deep-water cage aquaculture (DWCA) has gradually become an emerging industry in mariculture. Thus the spatial planning of DWCA has become a necessary research topic. Suitability evaluation is a process of grading for a certain type of development or utilization, based on analyzing its suitability, which is often used in planning. Changhai County is affiliated to Dalian, Liaoning Province, China. Changhai sea area (38°55'47〃N ~39°34'10〃N) is located in the northern part of the Yellow Sea. This paper constructed the suitability evaluation index system for DWCA and takes Changhai sea area as the case to study the spatial distribution of the suitability of DWCA based on GIS technology. According to the guiding principle, difference, data availability and comprehensive constriction principle of the evaluation index system, 11 indicators were selected to establish a system framework based on natural and social factors. The value of the evaluation index weight reflected the degree of influence of the indicator in the evaluation index system, which were determined by the analytic hierarchy process. At last, the weighted comprehensive index method was used to calculate the suitability index. For natural suitability, some unsuitable areas for DWCA were mainly caused by the low concentration of chlorophyll a and high comprehensive pollution index of water quality. According to the distribution of natural suitability index, the suitability index was the highest in the sea area near Wumang Island, Zhangzi Island, Gexian Island and Guanglu Island, followed by the sea area among Xiaochangsiian Island, Wumang Island and Haiyang Island. The suitability of the outer seas of the southeastern par of Changsiian Island was higher than that of the northwestern par of the coastal waters. For the social suitability, the distance from town would affect the convenience of aquaculture operations. From the perspective of social suitability index distribution, the degree of suitability was centered on land and islands, and was concentrically distributed to the sea.The comprehensive evaluation index were obtained through weighted calculating natural and social suitability. The results showed that the suitable sea area for DWCA was 3 527. 94 km2, accounting for 32.7% of the total sea area of Changhai County. The most suitable sea area for DWCA was distributed around the western par of Guanglu and Gexian Island, the southern par of Zhangzi Island, the sea area between the Shicheng Island and Wumang Island, and the southern par of the Haiyang island, with an area of 1 248. 38 km2, accounting for 11. 57% . The higher suitability sea area was widely distributed around Zhangzi Island, Haiyang Island, Wumang Island and Xiaochangsiian Island, covering an area of 2 279. 56km2, accounting for 21.13%. Due to the combined effects of Chlorophyll concentration and distance from town areas, it was not suitable for DWCA area mainly distributed in sea areas far away from land and islands, with an area of 814. 81 km2, accounting for 7. 56% . Other sea areas were medium suitability. The study could provide reference for the sea planning and sea area management of aquaculture in Changhai County.

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