欢迎访问《渔业研究》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

›› 2017, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 172-180.

• 论文与报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

辐射荚蛏(Siliqua radiata)生物学的研究

刘德经1,2,谢开恩3,李正华4,邹文钟5,陈卫国5,肖思祺5   

  1. 1. 長乐市漳港海蚌场
    2. 長乐市漳港海蚌场;長乐市科学技术协会
    3. 福建省水产研究所
    4. 福州市海洋与渔业技术中心
    5.
  • 收稿日期:2017-04-18 修回日期:2017-05-17 出版日期:2017-06-26 发布日期:2017-06-21
  • 通讯作者: 刘德经

Biology research of Siliqua radiata (Linnaeus)

  • Received:2017-04-18 Revised:2017-05-17 Online:2017-06-26 Published:2017-06-21
  • Contact: Liu De--jing

摘要: 本文报道了2013—2016年产于长乐沿海的辐射荚蛏(Siliqua radiata)生物学研究结果,内容包括形态特征(外部形态与内部构造)、生态分布、群体组成、栖息环境、干露耐受力、食性、繁殖、生长等。结果表明,辐射荚蛏壳高与壳长直线回归关系H=0.3606L-0.0153;群体组成壳长分布频率(f/n)为0.44,最适水温为21~28℃,最适盐度为19.65~29.36,最适pH为8.0~8.4,水中溶氧量低于0.5 mg/L会引起死亡;栖息底质以粒级直径0.10~0.25 mm的细砂为主;耐干露能力差,气温33~35℃,干露24 h逐以死亡;胃含物以硅藻为主,亦有少量细砂;雌、雄异体,生物学最小型为壳长42.60 mm,壳高15.50 mm;个体绝对怀卵量为(12.3~16.2)×104粒,繁殖期在每年6—7月,个体产卵量为(6~10)×104粒,为沉性卵,卵径64 μm;水温(27.35±0.85)℃,用球等鞭金藻(Ischrysis galbuna)、扁藻(Platymonas spp.)为饵料,直线铰合幼虫经10~13 d培养,发育成壳长250~280 μm的稚贝,1龄贝平均壳长50.10 mm,2龄贝平均壳长79.20 mm,3龄贝平均壳长101.50 mm。

关键词: 辐射荚蛏, 生物学特性, 生态习性, Siliqua radiata, characteristics of biology, ecological habit

Abstract: This paper reported the biology research results of Siliqua radiata which were found in Changle Coastal from 2013 to 2016 . The contents included morphological characteristics (external morphology and internal structure), ecological distribution, group composition, habitat conditions, dry dew resistance, feeding, reproduction, and growth. The results showed that shell height (H=0.3606) of siliqua radiata had linear regression relation with straight back shell length (L=0.0153). The distribution frequency of shell length was ( )was 0.44. The optimum water temperature was 21~28℃, the optimum salinity range was from 19.65~29.36, and the most suitable pH was 8.0~8.4. It would die if the amount of dissolved oxygen in water was less than 0.5mg/L. The habitat bottom was mainly composed of fine sand with particle diameter of 0.1~0.25mm. The dry dew resistance of Siliqua radiata was poor, and it would gradually die after 24h under the temperature of 33~35℃.The substance of the stomach is marine diatoms. The contents of the stomach were mainly diatoms, but also a small amount of fine sand. Siliqua radiata was dioecious, and the biological minimum size was shell length of 42.60mm and shell height of 15.50mm. The absolute fecundity was 12.3×104~16.2×104 grains, the reproductive period was from June to July every year, and the individual fecundity was 6×104~10×104 grains. The diameter of demersal egg was 64μm. The water temperature was 27.35±0.85℃. After being cultured by feeding with Isochrysis galbuna and platymonas spp. for 10~13days the larvae of the straight line grew into juvenile shell with a length of 250μm to 280μm. The average length of one-year-old shell was 50.10mm, the average length of two-year-old shell was 79.20mm, and the average length of three-day-old shell was 101.50mm. The purpose of the study was to provide scientific references for the proliferation and culture of siliqua radiata.