福建诏安湾贝类产区生态环境质量评价与划型研究

福建水产 ›› 2012, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 268-277.

福建诏安湾贝类产区生态环境质量评价与划型研究

钟硕良,席英玉,郑盛华

福建省水产研究所

收稿日期:2012-03-05 修回日期:2012-04-09 出版日期:2012-09-25 发布日期:2012-08-21
通讯作者: 钟硕良

Study on Assessment and Categorization for the Eco-environmental Quality of Shellfish-Culture Regions in Zhao’an Bay, Fujian province

Received:2012-03-05 Revised:2012-04-09 Online:2012-09-25 Published:2012-08-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据2009年3月、5 月和9月福建诏安湾贝类产区海水、底质和养殖贝类体中有毒有害物质（铜、铅、镉、汞、砷、石油类、有机碳、硫化物、滴滴涕、多氯联苯、大肠菌群、腹泻性贝毒、麻痹性贝毒）的同步调查资料，采用海水质量评价指数（）、底质质量评价指数（）和贝类质量评价指数（）以及贝类产区生态环境质量综合评价指数（SI），对福建诏安湾贝类产区生态环境质量进行了综合评价和划型。结果表明，海水质量、底质质量和养殖贝类质量水平范围均为2～6级，平均值为3级、4级和2级，贝类产区生态环境质量为2～6级，平均值为3级。总体上，贝类产区海水质量处于较好水平，底质量处于一般水平，养殖贝类质量处于良好水平。贝类产区生态环境质量处于较好水平。其主要污染物为石油类、大肠杆菌、滴滴涕和多氯联苯。福建诏安湾贝类产区无1类区，属自然本底区；2类区共15个，占贝类产区总数的88%，其中2a类区6个，占贝类产区总数的35%，属清洁区，2b类区5个，占贝类产区总数的30%，属较清洁区，2c类区4个，占贝类产区总数的24%，属轻度污染区；3类区共2个，占贝类产区总数的12%，其中3a类区和3b类区各1个，均占贝类产区总数的6%，分别属中度污染区和重度污染区。福建诏安湾贝类产区生态环境质量的综合评价和划型的结果与诏安湾贝类产区污染现状相一致。

关键词: 海水；底质；养殖贝类；环境评价与划型；福建诏安湾, Seawater；surface sediment；culture shellfish；assessment and classification of environmental quality；Zhao’an Bay of Fujian province

Abstract: According to the data of eco-environmental survey from the shellfish culture areas of Zhao’an Bay in March, June and September 2009, deleterious substances (such as Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, petroleum, HCH, sulphide, DDT, PCBs, coliforms, Escherichia coli, DSP and PSP) in seawater, surface sediments and fishery organisms were detected and analyzed. Eco-environmental quality of those areas was assessed and classified by single index method of seawater quality, surface sediment quality or culture shellfish quality, and synthesis assessment index method of the whole eco-environmental quality. The results showed that the quality grades of seawater, surface sediment and culture shellfish, all ranging from Grade 2 to Grade 6, with an average of grade 3, grade 4 and grade 2, respectively. The shellfish culture eco-environmental quality grade also ranged from Grade 2 to Grade 6, mean of grade 3. Overall, the quality of eco-environmental survey in the shellfish culture areas of Zhao’an Bay was in relatively good level, since the quality was relatively good level by seawater, general level by surface sediments and good level by culture shellfish. And the major contaminants were petroleum, Escherichia coli, DDT and PCBs. There was no area in the shellfish areas of Zhao’an Bay belonged to the first kind or natural background. And there were 15 areas belonged to the second kind occupying 88% of all areas, while 2a kind in clean had 6 areas occupying 35% of all areas, 2b kind in relatively clean had 5 areas occupying 30%, 2c kind in light polluted had 4 areas occupying 24%. In addition, there were 2 areas belonged to the third kind while 3a kind in middle polluted or 3b kind in seriously polluted had one area occupying 6%, respectively. It was same between the results of eco-environmental synthesis assessment and categorization of Zhao’an shellfish regions and its environmental pollution present situation.

钟硕良席英玉郑盛华. 福建诏安湾贝类产区生态环境质量评价与划型研究[J]. 福建水产, 2012, 34(4): 268-277.